Persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses
Last revised by Yusra Sheikh on 9 Jun 2022
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Sair H, Elfeky M, Weerakkody Y, et al. Persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 19 Mar 2024) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-4776
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rID:
4776
Article created:
15 Oct 2008,
Haris Sair
Disclosures:
At the time the article was created Haris Sair had no recorded disclosures.
View Haris Sair's current disclosures
Last revised:
9 Jun 2022,
Yusra Sheikh ◉
Disclosures:
At the time the article was last revised Yusra Sheikh had no recorded disclosures.
View Yusra Sheikh's current disclosures
Revisions:
11 times, by
8 contributors -
see full revision history and disclosures
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Synonyms:
- Persistent Carotid-Vertebrobasilar Anastomoses
- Persistent carotid-basilar artery anastomosis
The persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses are variant anatomical arterial communications between the anterior and posterior circulations due to abnormal embryological development of the vertebrobasilar system. They are named, with the exception of the proatlantal artery, using the cranial nerves with which they run:
-
persistent trigeminal artery
- arises from proximal cavernous ICA
- most common persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomosis
- two types - lateral and medial
- Saltzman classification
- type I: absent ipsilateral posterior communicating artery
- type II: fetal origin of ipsilateral posterior communicating artery
-
persistent otic (acoustic) artery
- controversial, perhaps non-existent
- arises from petrous ICA
- rare, as it is the first anastomosis to regress
-
persistent hypoglossal artery
- arises from cervical ICA at C1 to C3 levels
-
persistent proatlantal artery
- type I arises from internal carotid artery
- type II arises from external carotid artery
A mnemonic to help remember these persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses is HOT Pepper.
Quiz questions
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References
- 1. Uchino A, Sawada A, Takase Y et-al. MR angiography of anomalous branches of the internal carotid artery. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003;181 (5): 1409-14. AJR Am J Roentgenol (full text) - Pubmed citation
- 2. Luh GY, Dean BL, Tomsick TA et-al. The persistent fetal carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1999;172 (5): 1427-32. AJR Am J Roentgenol (citation) - Pubmed citation
- 3. Basekim CC, Silit E, Mutlu H et-al. Type I proatlantal artery with bilateral absence of the external carotid arteries. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2004;25 (9): 1619-21. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol (full text) - Pubmed citation
- 4. Dimmick SJ, Faulder KC. Normal variants of the cerebral circulation at multidetector CT angiography. Radiographics. 2009;29 (4): 1027-43. Radiographics (full text) - doi:10.1148/rg.294085730 - Pubmed citation
Incoming Links
Articles:
- Internal carotid artery
- Persistent hypoglossal artery
- Basilar artery
- Persistent otic artery
- Persistent proatlantal intersegmental artery
- Basilar artery hypoplasia
- Proatlantal artery
- Persistent primitive trigeminal artery
- Posterior cerebral circulation
- Circle of Willis
- Intracranial arteries (variants)
- Persistent communications between the carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries (mnemonic)
- Primitive arteries in the brain (mnemonic)
Cases:
- Persistent trigeminal artery
- Persistent hypoglossal artery
- Basilar artery hypoplasia
- Persistent hypoglossal artery and bovine arch
- Persistent trigeminal artery
- Type II proatlantal artery
- Persistent hypoglossal artery
- Persistent trigeminal artery
- Persistent primitive trigeminal artery (Saltzman I)
- Persistent trigeminal artery
- Proatlantal intersegmental artery
- Trigeminal artery and basilar ectasia
- Primitive trigeminal artery with fetal PCOM
- Pineal cyst and trigeminal artery
Multiple choice questions:
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brain
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cerebrum
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cerebral hemisphere (telencephalon)
- cerebral lobes and gyri
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- parietal lobe
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occipital lobe
- occipital pole
- lingual gyrus
- fusiform gyrus (Brodmann area 37)
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cerebral sulci and fissures (A-Z)
- calcarine fissure
- callosal sulcus
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- interhemispheric fissure
- intraparietal sulcus
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pituitary gland
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- diencephalon
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cerebral hemisphere (telencephalon)
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brainstem
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- pons (part of metencephalon)
- medulla oblongata (myelencephalon)
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grey matter
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cranial nerve nuclei
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vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
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cerebral venous system
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dural venous sinuses
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- inferior petro-occipital vein
- inferior petrosal sinus
- inferior sagittal sinus
- intercavernous sinus
- internal carotid artery venous plexus of Rektorzik
- jugular bulb
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superficial veins of the brain
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superficial veins of the brain
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dural venous sinuses
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