Citation, DOI & article data
Citation:
Maller, V., Hagir, M. Renal cell carcinoma (TNM staging). Reference article, Radiopaedia.org. (accessed on 28 May 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-4699
Renal cell carcinoma staging using the TNM staging system for renal cell carcinoma. Older but still widely used system in some practices is the Robson staging system.
T
-
T1
-
T1a: tumor confined to kidney, <4 cm
-
T1b: tumor confined to kidney, >4 cm but <7 cm
-
T2: limited to kidney >7 cm
-
T2a: tumor confined to kidney, >7 cm but not >10 cm
-
T2b: tumor confined to kidney, >10 cm
-
T3: tumor extension into major veins or perinephric tissues, but not into ipsilateral adrenal gland or beyond Gerota's fascia
-
T3a: tumor grossly extends into the renal vein or its segmental (muscle-containing) branches, or tumor invades perirenal and/or renal sinus fat but not beyond the Gerota fascia
-
T3b: spread to infra diaphragmatic IVC
-
T3c: spread to supra diaphragmatic IVC or invades the wall of the IVC
-
T4: involves ipsilateral adrenal gland or invades beyond Gerota's fascia
N
-
N0: no nodal involvement
-
N1: metastatic involvement of regional lymph node(s)
M
-
M0: no distant metastases
-
M1: distant metastases
ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads
-
stage I: T1 N0 M0
-
stage II: T2 N0 M0
-
stage III: T3 or N1 with M0
-
stage IV: T4 or M1
- the distinction between N1 and N2 was discontinued in the most recent version of staging
- contiguous involvement of the ipsilateral adrenal gland is T4, noncontiguous involvement is M1
- the most common sites of metastasis are, in order: the lungs, the bones, lymph nodes, the liver, adrenals and the brain 7
- 1. Adam A, Dixon AK, Grainger RG et-al. Grainger and Allison's diagnostic radiology. Churchill Livingstone. (2008) ISBN:0443101639. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon
- 2. Greene FL, Cancer AJ, Society AC. AJCC cancer staging handbook, from the AJCC cancer staging manual. Springer Verlag. (2002) ISBN:0387952705. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon
- 3. Fein AB, Lee JK, Balfe DM et-al. Diagnosis and staging of renal cell carcinoma: a comparison of MR imaging and CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987;148 (4): 749-53. AJR Am J Roentgenol (abstract) - Pubmed citation
- 4. Sheth S, Scatarige JC, Horton KM et-al. Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of renal cell carcinoma: role of multidetector ct and three-dimensional CT. Radiographics. 2001;21 Spec No : S237-54. Radiographics (link) - Pubmed citation
- 5. Ng CS, Wood CG, Silverman PM et-al. Renal cell carcinoma: diagnosis, staging, and surveillance. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008;191 (4): 1220-32. doi:10.2214/AJR.07.3568 - Pubmed citation
- 6. Kidney. In: Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC, et al., eds.: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 7th ed. New York, NY: Springer, 2010, pp 479-89.
- 7. Bianchi M, Sun M, Jeldres C, Shariat SF, Trinh QD, Briganti A, Tian Z, Schmitges J, Graefen M, Perrotte P, Menon M, Montorsi F, Karakiewicz PI. Distribution of metastatic sites in renal cell carcinoma: a population-based analysis. (2012) Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology. 23 (4): 973-80. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdr362 - Pubmed
- 8. Mary K. Gospodarowicz, James D. Brierley, Christian Wittekind. TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours. (2017) ISBN: 9781119263579 - Google Books
Promoted articles (advertising)