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Chen sign

Chen sign on chest radiography is the prominence of the left basal pulmonary vasculature, compared to the right, seen in valvular pulmonary stenosis. It is due to the asymmetric increase in pulmonary blood flow to the left lung due to preferential blood flow into the left pulmonary artery after ...

High-riding brachiocephalic artery

A high-riding brachiocephalic artery is a rare variant of the neck vessels in which the brachiocephalic artery passes much more superiorly than normally. It is a clinically important variant, as mistaking it for a neck lump and sampling it or neck surgery in the region may cause a devastating he...

Color flash artifact

The color flash artifact is a commonly encountered artifact on color Doppler ultrasound, representing spurious flow signal arising due to tissue/transducer motion. Physics The flash artifact is caused by movement of reflective tissues (e.g. due to respiration), or the transducer, which genera...

Scimitar (disambiguation)

The term scimitar, referring to the characteristic shape of the Middle Eastern sword, may refer to the following: scimitar syndrome (lungs) scimitar sign (cystic adventitial disease) scimitar sacrum (bones)

Lateral tentorial artery

The lateral tentorial artery also known as lateral tentorial arcade, is a branch of the meningohypophyseal trunk (MHT) which arises from the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery. The lateral tentorial artery runs along the lateral edge of the tentorium cerebelli. Radiographic appear...

Electrical interference artifact (ultrasound)

Electrical interference artifact is an ultrasound artifact usually caused by the ultrasound machine being too close to the unshielded electrical equipment. The disturbance appears as arc-like moving bands in the ultrasound image. While the presence of electrical equipment (e.g unshielded vent...

Valveless vein

The valveless veins are veins that lack venous valves. Most veins contain valves (known as the valvula venosa in the TA) to prevent backflow, i.e. ensuring that blood flow is always towards the heart 1. Recent evidence shows that veins that were previously thought to be valveless, are now known...

Caput medusae sign (disambiguation)

The caput medusae sign may refer to: caput medusae sign (portal hypertension) caput medusae sign (developmental venous anomaly) History and etymology Caput is the Latin for head, and the sign literally translates as head of Medusa 3. The appearance is reminiscent of the hair of Medusa, one ...

Third inflow

Third inflow refers to anatomical variants leading to an additional venous inflow to the liver apart from the usual dual blood supply (portal vein and hepatic artery). They tend to be associated with parenchymal pseudolesions (focal hyperenhancement on post-contrast imaging, focal fat infiltrati...

Intrahepatic arteriovenous shunt

Intrahepatic arteriovenous shunts, also referred to as intrahepatic arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) or hepatic arteriosystemic venous shunts, represent a spectrum of abnormal communications between the hepatic arterial system and the hepatic veins. Please note that arterioportal shunts, whi...

Hepatic vascular and perfusion disorders

Hepatic vascular and perfusion disorders are a broad group of conditions that radiologists should be familiar with, as some of them are quite frequently seen in the daily practice. The aim of this article is to be a collection of articles that represent the core knowledge in the matter. Patholo...

GCA (disambiguation)

The abbreviation GCA can refer to: giant cell arteritis global cortical atrophy scale

Double density sign (disambiguation)

The double density sign can refer to several radiological signs: double density sign (left atrial enlargement) double density sign (berry aneurysm) double density sign (osteoid osteoma)

Supraduodenal artery

The supraduodenal artery (SDA) is a branch of the gastroduodenal artery (GDA). It arises soon after the origin of the GDA posterior to the first part of the duodenum and supplies the anterosuperior part of the first and second parts of the duodenum, contributing to the rich arterial anastomotic ...

Sinistral portal hypertension

Sinistral portal hypertension (also known as left-sided portal hypertension or segmental portal hypertension) is an uncommon form of portal hypertension. Clinical presentation Sinistral portal hypertension is most commonly found incidentally in asymptomatic patients. In symptomatic patients, t...

Encephalomyosynangiosis

Encephalomyosynangiosis (EMS) is an indirect revascularization surgery for moyamoya disease as a way to bypass an occluded internal carotid artery and circle of Willis. It entails dissecting strips of vascularized temporalis muscle and subjacent galeal flap and, following craniotomy and openin...

Encephaloduroarteriomyosynangiosis

Encephaloduroarteriomyosynangiosis (EDAMS) is an indirect revascularization surgery for moyamoya disease or syndrome as a way to bypass an occluded internal carotid artery and circle of Willis. It represents the combination of encephalomyosynangiosis (EMS) and encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (...

STA-MCA bypass

Superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass is a form of direct revascularization most commonly performed for moyamoya disease or intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) whereby the superficial temporal artery is dissected, passed though a craniotomy/burrhole and d...

Retroperitoneal lymphatic malformation

Retroperitoneal lymphatic malformations are rare benign cystic lesions of vascular origin that show lymphatic differentiation. For a broader discussion, please refer to the parental article on lymphatic malformations. Terminology These malformations were formerly called lymphangiomas. This ex...

Lymphocele

Lymphoceles are collections of lymphatic fluid that happen most frequently in the postoperative setting. Although they can occur in potentially any part of the body where lymphatic tissue is resected (e.g. lymphadenectomy) or injured in trauma, they are most commonly seen in the retroperitoneum....

Ovarian venous varix

Ovarian venous varix is a situation where there is variceal dilatation of the ovarian vein (usually left). It can be associated with pelvic congestion syndrome. Radiographic features May be seen as a serpiginous structure adjacent to the aorta along the course of the ovarian vein.

Anterior circulation

The anterior circulation is the blood supply to the anterior portion of the brain, including most of the supratentorial structures excluding the occipital lobes. The anterior circulation is supplied by the internal carotid arteries which each divide into two the large terminal branches, the ant...

Brachioradial artery

The brachioradial artery, also known as a high origin of the radial artery, represents an anatomical variant of the arterial branching pattern of the upper limb 1,2. It represents an artery originating proximal to the cubital fossa that will go on to form the radial artery. The brachioradial art...

Esophageal varix

Esophageal varices describe dilated submucosal veins of the esophagus, and are an important portosystemic collateral pathway. They are considered distinct from gastric varices, which are less common. Epidemiology Esophageal varices are present in ~50% of patients with portal hypertension 1,2. ...

Superficial circumflex iliac artery

The superficial circumflex iliac artery is the smallest cutaneous branch of the femoral artery. It contributes to the arterial supply of the anterolateral abdominal wall and groin. Summary origin: femoral artery course: pierces the fascia lata lateral to the saphenous opening and runs lateral...

Lateral marginal vein

The lateral marginal vein (also known as the vein of Servelle or the Klippel-Trenaunay vein) is located on the dorsal surface of the foot and is the principle tributary forming the small saphenous vein. The lateral marginal vein is one of two persisting embryonic veins of the leg, the persisten...

Downhill esophageal varix

Downhill esophageal varices are an uncommon type of esophageal varices associated with superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction. Epidemiology Downhill oesophagal varices are less frequently seen. It is seen in less than 0.5% of routine upper endoscopies. Most common etiology is superior vena obstr...

Haemodialysis vascular access

Vascular access for haemodialysis is used for end-stage renal failure that requires renal replacement therapy. Options include temporary/permanent and non-surgical vs surgical methods. This article will focus on surgical arteriovenous fistulae. Types of vascular access Temporary temporary vas...

PISAPED criteria for diagnosis of pulmonary embolus

The PISAPED criteria for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolus indicate the presence or absence of pulmonary emboli based on findings on perfusion scintigraphy (only the Q portion of the V/Q scan) in combination with chest radiography. The criteria were validated in the Prospective Investigative St...

Tuberculous aortitis

Tuberculous aortitis is a rare cause of aortitis in the context of disseminated tuberculosis. It usually is a result of direct seeding from a contiguous lymph node or via hematogenous or lymphatic spread of distant infection. Fatal outcomes of tuberculous aortitis are commonly reported despite a...

Aortic root dilatation

Aortic root dilatation refers to abnormal enlargement of the aortic root which may be focally aneurysmal or a more diffuse ectasia. Clinical presentation Aortic root dilatation is often completely asymptomatic and found incidentally 2. In rare instances, it may present with a catastrophic comp...

Hernia (general)

Hernias (or herniae) are a common pathological entity, in which an anatomical structure passes into an abnormal location via an opening. The opening may be a normal physiological aperture (e.g. hiatus hernia: stomach passes through the diaphragmatic esophageal hiatus) or pathological. Iatrogeni...

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (or sometimes abbreviated as TRAPS) is a condition characterized by recurrent (periodic) episodes of fever as well as a spectrum of dermatologic findings that includes migratory patches, edematous plaques, periorbital edema, and/or conj...

Supermicrosurgery

Supermicrosurgery is the specialized surgical technique employed to anastomose blood vessels and nerves measuring 0.3 to 0.8 mm in caliber (so-called microneurovascular anastomosis) 1. The instruments developed for these demanding procedures are very fine microsurgical devices. Microsurgery as a...

Nutcracker phenomenon

The nutcracker phenomenon, also known as nutcracker anatomy or left renal vein entrapment, refers to the anatomic or pathophysiologic entity wherein the superior mesenteric artery compresses and impedes outflow of the left renal vein into the inferior vena cava. It can be a common incidental fin...

Pancreaticoduodenal veins

The pancreaticoduodenal veins accompany their corresponding arteries and act to drain the head of the pancreas and duodenum. Gross anatomy There are four small pancreaticoduodenal veins: posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal vein anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal vein posterior inferio...

Pancreatic veins

The pancreatic veins drain blood from the body and tail of the pancreas. Gross anatomy The pancreatic veins comprise several small vessels that together act to drain the body and tail of the pancreas, and open into the great pancreatic vein. This subsequently drains into the splenic vein 1.

Internal thoracic vein

The internal thoracic vein (previously known as the internal mammary vein) arises from the superior epigastric vein. It drains the chest wall and breasts. Gross anatomy The internal thoracic vein arises from the union of the musculophrenic and superior epigastric vein. It forms venae comitant...

Uterine venous plexus

The uterine venous plexus is a network of veins surrounding the uterus and has extensive anastomoses with the vaginal venous plexus inferiorly and ovarian venous plexuses laterally. Gross anatomy The uterine venous plexus lies along the lateral aspects and superior angles of the uterus within ...

Dense vein sign

The dense vein sign refers to hyperattenuating thrombus within a cortical vein or dural venous sinus due to acute venous thrombosis. When located in the superior sagittal sinus, particularly posteriorly, it is sometimes referred to as the delta, triangle or pseudodelta sign. It is really the sa...

Bunny waveform sign

Bunny waveform sign refers to the biphasic morphology of the pulsed wave Doppler spectral waveform in the vertebral artery in early (occult/latent or partial) subclavian steal phenomenon (sometimes called a "presteal" state, before it progresses to frank flow reversal). There is a sharp decelera...

Spider web appearance

Spider web appearance is a classic appearance seen on venography in a patient with hepatic venous outflow obstruction. It refers to the dense network of hepatic venous collaterals seen.

Blood pressure

The blood pressure (BP) is defined as the force exerted by the circulating blood on the walls of the blood vessels. Fundamentally the blood pressure depends upon the interaction of: blood volume cardiac contractility compliance of the arterial walls Blood pressure is traditionally measured i...

Adductor canal syndrome

Adductor canal syndrome (also known as adductor canal compression syndrome) is a rare, non-atherosclerotic cause of arterial occlusion and limb ischemia 1. There is compression of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) in the adductor canal. Epidemiology External compression of the superficial f...

Intravenous drug user

Intravenous drug users (IVDU) are people who inject non-medical and controlled medical drugs (and may have substance use disorder) for non-medical purposes. Frequently injected drugs include heroin, cocaine, prescription opioids and methamphetamine 6. Terminology More neutral terms such as pe...

Personalised external aortic root support (PEARS)

Personalised external aortic root support (PEARS) is a procedure is where a computer designed mesh sleeve is manufactured to match the aortic root and aortic morphology of the individual patient and then placed to repair pathological aortic morphology such as those with Marfan syndrome. It was i...

Acute abdominal pain

Acute abdominal pain is a common acute presentation in clinical practice. It encompasses a very broad range of possible etiologies and diagnoses, and imaging is routinely employed as the primary investigative tool in its modern management. Terminology A subgroup of patients with acute abdomina...

Arterial vasocorona

The arterial vasocorona is part of the spinal cord blood supply and is formed by pial anastomoses between the anterior and posterior spinal arteries on the surface of the spinal cord. It encircles the cord and supplies the peripheral lateral aspect of the spinal cord. Engorgement of arterial v...

Ligamentum teres (disambiguation)

The term ligamentum teres can refer to the: ligamentum teres of the abdomen (round ligament) ligamentum teres of the hip

Ligamentum teres (abdomen)

The ligamentum teres or round ligament is the fibrous cord formed by the obliterated fetal umbilical vein that runs in the free edge of the falciform ligament from the umbilicus into the left lobe of the liver.

Umbilicus

The umbilicus is the fibrous remnant of the fetal attachment of the umbilical cord after birth. Gross anatomy All layers of the anterior abdominal wall fuse at the umbilical ring, a small round defect in the linea alba located just inferior to the midpoint between the xiphoid process of the st...

Superior mesenteric artery aneurysm

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) aneurysms are the third most common type of visceral artery aneurysm, accounting for ~5% of visceral artery aneurysms. Clinical presentation SMA aneurysms are most commonly detected incidentally on imaging for other indications, however, ~45% (range 38-50%) pr...

Venous circle of Trolard

The anastomotic venous circle of the base of the brain 1, also referred to as the venous circle of Trolard 2,3,5, is an inconsistently found venous homologue of the better-known arterial circle of Willis. It should not be confused with other venous structures also described by Trolard such as t...

Spectral Doppler (ultrasound)

Utilizing automated Fourier analysis to convert returning sound waves into a series of individual frequencies, spectral Doppler refers to ultrasound modalities which yield graphical representations of flow velocity over time. Terminology The frequency of the sound waves returned to an ultraso...

Trident appearance (disambiguation)

The trident appearance (or sign) can refer to a variety of entities: trident acetabulum trident hand trident sign (osmotic demyelination) trident sign (persistent trigeminal artery) History and etymology The trident is a three-pronged lance employed for spearing fish, and in Classical myth...

Angular artery (facial artery branch)

The angular artery is the terminal branch of the facial artery. It becomes the angular artery after the lateral nasal artery branch from the facial artery. It courses superiorly along the lateral border of the external nose to the medial canthus. It is accompanied by the angular vein, which dra...

Round belly sign (abdominal compartment syndrome)

Round belly sign is a sign of increased abdominal pressure of greater than 20 mmHg in abdominal compartment syndrome where the abdomen has a rounded appearance of transverse section on CT, rather than its typical oval shape. The sign is positive when the AP to transverse diameter of the abdomen...

Abdominal compartment syndrome

Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a disease defined by the presence of new end-organ dysfunction secondary to elevated intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). Radiological diagnosis is difficult and usually suggested when a collection of imaging findings are present in the appropriate clinical set...

Deltopectoral groove

The deltopectoral groove is located between the superolateral aspect of the pectoral region and the deltoid muscle. It runs obliquely from superomedial to inferolateral and contains the cephalic vein which at the upper margin of the groove dives deep to pierce the clavipectoral fascia and enter ...

Artery of Bernasconi and Cassinari

The artery of Bernasconi and Cassinari, also known as medial or marginal tentorial artery (of Bernasconi–Cassinari), commonly arises from the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery. Gross anatomy The artery of Bernasconi and Cassinari is ~2 cm long and is an important branch of the m...

Alar thoracic artery

The alar thoracic artery is a rare variant arterial glandular branch of the axillary artery (usually the second part) that supplies the axillary fat, lymph nodes and skin of the axilla.

Jet hematoma

A jet or flame-shaped hemorrhage is a term sometimes used to describe an intraparenchymal hematoma adjacent to a ruptured arterial vascular malformation, such as aneurysms (most common) or dural arteriovenous fistulae or arteriovenous malformations 1,2. It usually is seen in combination with sub...

Isthmus (disambiguation)

Isthmus (plural: isthmi) is an anatomical term and refers to a slender structure joining two larger components. Some of these uses of the word isthmus are now rarely used or only seen in older texts and articles: isthmus (aorta) isthmus (auditory tube) isthmus (auricle of the ear) isthmus (c...

Right-to-left shunt (mnemonic)

A useful mnemonic to remember the differential diagnoses associated with right-to-left cardiovascular shunts is: 1-5 Mnemonic 1: a combination vessel; truncus arteriosus 2: number of arteries involved; transposition of the great arteries 3: "tri-" means 3, the number of leaflets involved; t...

Implantable port

Implantable ports, also known as chemoports, totally implantable central venous access ports or Port-A-Caths, are a type of central venous catheter for patients requiring long-term venous access. They offer the ability to have long-term central venous access with some of the advantages over peri...

Pulsatility index (ultrasound)

The pulsatility index (PI) (also known as the Gosling index) is a calculated flow parameter in ultrasound, derived from the maximum, minimum, and mean Doppler frequency shifts during a defined cardiac cycle. Along with the resistive index (RI), it is typically used to assess the resistance in a ...

Trident sign (persistent primitive trigeminal artery)

The trident sign of a persistent primitive trigeminal artery refers to the appearance of the intracranial circulation on lateral projection. The internal carotid artery, the abnormal vessel and superior portion of the basilar artery resemble the Greek letter tau (thus tau sign). This configurati...

McConnell’s capsular arteries

McConnell’s capsular arteries (MCCA) are one of the three major branches of the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Gross anatomy They arise from the medial wall of the cavernous ICA distal to both the meningohypophyseal trunk and the inferolateral trunk. The McConnell’s c...

Lymphangiosarcoma

Lymphangiosarcomas are rare malignant soft tissue neoplasms that generally occur in patients with chronic lymphedema. Epidemiology It affects females more than males, as it is commonly associated with post-mastectomy lymphedema. Clinical presentation Chronic lymphedema with skin and soft ti...

Porcelain aorta

A porcelain aorta refers to circumferential calcification of the ascending aorta. This finding is important to recognize in the preoperative evaluation of cardiac surgery as it complicates cardiac surgeries that require cross-clamping or accessing the aorta (such as open aortic valve replacement...

Bland thrombus

Bland thrombus is a term used to describe any non-malignant venous thrombus (e.g. a "normal" DVT). However the term is most often used in the context of malignancy, to differentiate non-malignant clot from the malignant form, as management of the two may differ; of course they often coexist. Pa...

Indocyanine green lymphangiography

Indocyanine green (ICG) lymphangiography is an emerging imaging technique used to visualize lymphatic vessels and map their course as they drain to sentinel lymph nodes. History Indocyanine green is a fluorescent dye discovered by researchers at Kodak working on near-infrared photography in 1...

IgG4-related cardiovascular disease

IgG4-related cardiovascular disease is one of the many manifestations of IgG4-related disease and may present as: aortitis and periaortitis arteritis and periarteritis of small to medium-sized arteries coronary arteritis and periarteritis inflammatory aneurysms pericarditis

Aggressive vertebral hemangioma

Aggressive vertebral hemangiomata are a rare form of vertebral hemangiomata where significant vertebral expansion, extra-osseous component with epidural extension, disturbance of blood flow, and occasionally compression fractures can be present causing spinal cord and/or nerve root compression 1...

Blooming artifact (ultrasound)

Blooming or color bleed artifact occurs when the color signal indicating blood flow extends beyond its true boundaries, spreading into adjacent regions with no actual flow. This artifact mainly affects the portion of the image distal to the vessel and the transducers. It is somewhat similar to ...

Submassive pulmonary embolism

A submassive pulmonary embolism refers to an acute pulmonary embolism with evidence of myocardial necrosis or right ventricular dysfunction in the absence of systemic hypotension. An elevation in troponin I or T provides evidence of myocardial necrosis. Right ventricular dysfunction is defined b...

Circumflex aorta

Circumflex aorta is a rare aortic arch anomaly caused by retroesophageal crossing of the aorta to the contralateral side. A vascular ring is formed when a ductus or ligamentum arteriosum contralateral to the aortic arch connects the descending aorta to the pulmonary artery. Clinical presentatio...

Alpha-fetoprotein

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is an important plasma protein synthesized by the yolk sac and fetal liver. In adults, its main utility is as a tumor marker, primarily for hepatocellular carcinoma or teratoma. Functionally it is the fetal homologue of albumin, i.e. it acts as a major carrier protein in ...

Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) often referred to simply as diabetes, is a group of metabolic conditions characterized by hyperglycemia. These conditions should not be confused with diabetes insipidus which is clinically distinct and not related to hyperglycemia. Terminology If a patient with diabete...

Fistula

A fistula (plural: fistulae or fistulas) is an abnormal connection between two epithelial surfaces such as between hollow organs, skin or vessels. Conventionally, the name of a specific fistula type is a combination of the two organs. For discussions of specific fistulae please refer to individu...

Gastric varix

Gastric varices are an important portosystemic collateral pathway, occurring in ~20% of patients with portal hypertension. They are considered distinct from esophageal varices in that they have a propensity to hemorrhage at comparatively lower portal pressures 1, and are also associated with hig...

Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration

Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) is a technique used by interventional radiologists in the treatment of gastric varices, particularly those with prominent infra-diaphragmatic portosystemic venous shunts (e.g. gastro-renal and gastro-caval shunts). The technique is mor...

Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm

Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm refers to a pseudoaneurysm arising from the pulmonary arteries. Pathology A pseudoaneurysm results from a tear or disruption of all three layers of the vessel wall. Extravasated blood is contained by compressed extravascular tissue or a clot, which makes up the ...

Carotid web

Carotid webs, also known as carotid intimal variant fibromuscular dysplasia, are rare vascular pathologies of the internal carotid artery that are an important cause of cryptogenic and recurrent ischemic stroke. Terminology Carotid webs have had many different names in the literature, includin...

Type IV endoleak

Type IV endoleaks are a type of endoleak which usually occurs secondary to graft porosity and are typically seen in the immediate post operative angiogram following an endovascular aneurysm repair. Epidemiology Type IV endoleaks are extremely rare and studies report a prevalence of 0.3%. This ...

Psoas sign (abdominal x-ray)

The psoas sign is a classic albeit non-specific finding on the abdominal radiograph, potentially representing retroperitoneal pathology. Normally on an abdominal radiograph, the lateral margins of both the psoas muscles are clearly visible due to adjacent fat. When the lateral edge of one, or b...

Intracranial mycotic aneurysm

Intracranial mycotic aneurysms, or intracranial infectious aneurysms, describe aneurysms arising from infection of the arterial wall of intracranial vessels. See mycotic aneurysm for a general discussion on infectious aneurysms. Epidemiology The epidemiology of intracerebral mycotic aneurysms...

Falciform artery

The falciform artery, also known as the hepatic falciform artery (HFA) is an uncommon vascular anatomic variant that most commonly arises as the terminal branch of the middle hepatic artery which courses anteriorly through the falciform ligament into and supplying the supraumbilical anterior abd...

Interscalene brachial plexus block

An interscalene brachial plexus block is indicated for procedures involving the shoulder and upper arm. History Ultrasound-guided brachial plexus nerve blocks entered the literature in 1989, when Ting et al. detailed their success with axillary nerve blocks in 10 patients 3. Indications r...

Retro-aortic left brachiocephalic vein

The retro-aortic left brachiocephalic vein is a rare vascular variant where the left brachiocephalic vein passes more inferiorly through the superior mediastinum, coursing inferior to the aortic arch and posterior to the ascending aorta to join the right brachiocepahilc vein forming the superior...

Aortic pseudoaneurysm vs ductus diverticulum

Differentiation of aortic pseudoaneurysm from ductus diverticulum is critical, particularly in the trauma setting. A traumatic aortic pseudoaneurysm is a surgical emergency whereas a ductus diverticulum is a normal anatomic variant. The following are differentiating features: Aortic pseudoaneu...

Umbilical vein

The umbilical vein is the conduit for blood returning from the placenta to the fetus until it involutes soon after birth. The umbilical vein arises from multiple tributaries within the placenta and enters the umbilical cord, along with the (usually) paired umbilical arteries. Once it enters the...

Labeled imaging anatomy cases

This article lists a series of labeled imaging anatomy cases by body region and modality. Brain CT head: non-contrast axial CT head: non-contrast coronal CT head: non-contrast sagittal CT head: non-contrast axial with clinical questions CT head: angiogram axial CT head: angiogram coronal ...

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