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Middle hepatic artery

The middle hepatic artery (MHA) is an intrahepatic hilar arterial branch, usually arising from the left hepatic artery, which supplies segments 4a and 4b. It runs towards the right side of the umbilical fissure. Variant anatomy it may arise from the right hepatic artery 1,2 it may arise as a ...

Middle thyroid vein

The middle thyroid vein is a tributary of the internal jugular vein. Gross anatomy The middle thyroid vein arises from the lateral surface of the thyroid. It traverses laterally to the internal jugular vein, passing anterior to the common carotid artery and posterior to the sternothyroid and o...

Hematoma

Hematomas (alternative plural: hematomata) are the name given to localized collections of blood and they can form virtually anywhere in the body. They often form secondary to trauma or surgery but spontaneous formation is also not uncommon, especially in those with coagulation disorders or on an...

Paradoxical embolism

Paradoxical embolism is a clinical scenario in which an embolism arising in the venous system crosses into the arterial circulation where it causes tissue infarction. The most common clinically important site of embolization is the cerebral circulation. Epidemiology The prevalence of paradoxic...

D-dimer

D-dimer is a commonly tested biological marker which is produced by the enzymatic breakdown of cross-linked fibrin which forms the fibrous mesh of a blood clot. The measurement of D-dimer in the circulation acts as a marker of coagulation and fibrinolysis, which can be useful in the diagnosis of...

Metabolic syndrome

The metabolic syndrome, also known as syndrome X, is a set of five conditions, which together increase a patient's risk of developing cardiovascular disease 1. Clinical presentation There are five central components of metabolic syndrome: hyperinsulinemia impaired glucose tolerance dyslipid...

Vertebral artery loop

Vertebral artery loops occur when a portion of the vertebral artery contains an unusual coil. It can be a rare anatomical variant or can be acquired. Epidemiology Vertebral artery loops tend to be mostly diagnosed in the 5th and 6th decades. Its prevalence is uncertain but is thought to be pre...

Aortic knob

The aortic knob or knuckle refers to the frontal chest x-ray appearance of the distal aortic arch as it curves posterolaterally to continue as the descending thoracic aorta. It appears as a laterally-projecting bulge, as the medial aspect of the aorta cannot be seen separate from the mediastinum...

Anomalous systemic arterial supply to normal lung

Anomalous systemic arterial supply to normal lung is an anatomical variant in which a portion of the lung (usually a basal segment) is supplied by a systemic vessel without a distinct pulmonary sequestration. Terminology It was traditionally (perhaps inappropriately since not a true sequestrat...

Aortic dissection detection risk score plus D-dimer

The use of the aortic dissection detection risk score plus D-dimer is a proposed standardized strategy of safely ruling out the diagnosis of an acute aortic syndrome. Similar to how the pulmonary embolism rule-out criteria (PERC) negates the need for further workup of a pulmonary embolism. Int...

Aortic dissection detection risk score

The aortic dissection detection risk score (ADD-RS) is a clinical decision tool that aids in grading the pretest probability of an acute aortic dissection. Scores range from 0-3, where 0 is classed as low risk, 1 is moderate risk and 2-3 is high risk 1. Criteria The three domains in which pati...

Right marginal artery

The right marginal artery, also known as the acute marginal artery or right intermediate atrial branch, supplies the surrounding right atrial tissues 1,2 and, in 10-15% of cases, provides the main arterial supply to the sinus node 3,4. Gross anatomy Origin It arises from the inferior border o...

Neurovascular compression syndromes

Neurovascular compression syndromes are a form of vascular compression disorders where there is usually compression or distortion of a cranial nerve due to a redundant or aberrant vascular structure. Clinical presentation Not all cases of neurovascular contact are clinically symptomatic. Prese...

Celiacomesenteric trunk

The celiacomesenteric trunk (CMT) represents an uncommon vascular anatomical variant where both the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) have a common origin from the abdominal aorta as a single trunk. Its frequency has been reported to occur in about 1.5% of the population 1,2....

Transverse pancreatic artery

The transverse pancreatic artery, also known as the inferior pancreatic artery, is a branch of the splenic artery that supplies the pancreatic tail and body. It arises from the proximal splenic artery and descends a short distance to run to the left along the posterior margin of the pancreas ne...

Dorsal pancreatic artery

The dorsal pancreatic artery is a branch of the splenic artery that supplies the pancreas. It arises from the proximal splenic artery and descends a short distance to run along the posterior margin of the pancreas where it divides in to left and right branches. the right branches pass either an...

Greater pancreatic artery

The greater pancreatic artery, also known as the pancreatica magna artery, is a branch of the splenic artery that supplies the pancreatic tail and body. It arises approximately two thirds the way along the splenic artery and descends a short distance to run to the left along the posterior margi...

AICA-PICA dominance

AICA-PICA dominance refers to the principle that the cerebellar vascular territory supplied by the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and posterior inferior cerebellar artery have a reciprocal arrangement. That is the size of the AICA and the subsequent territory it supplies is inversely propor...

Inferior hypophyseal artery

The inferior hypophyseal artery is a branch from the meningohypophyseal trunk, a branch of the C4 segment of the internal carotid artery. It is usually single on each side and divides into superior and inferior branches, anastomoses with its counterparts from the opposite, contributing to the in...

Protein C deficiency

Protein C deficiency is a hypercoagulable state due to reduced activity or an absolute deficiency of protein C, an anticoagulant protein. Protein C deficiency increases the risk of venous thrombosis. Epidemiology The prevalence of protein C deficiency in the general population is around 1 per ...

Common femoral vein

The common femoral vein (CFV) forms from the confluence of the femoral vein and the deep femoral vein, and continues as the external iliac vein at the inguinal ligament. It accompanies the common femoral artery. Terminology "Common femoral vein" is not listed in Terminologia Anatomica, however...

Fibroadipose vascular anomaly (FAVA)

Fibroadipose vascular anomaly (FAVA) is a recently-described intramuscular vascular anomaly consisting of phlebectasia (dilatation of veins) and fibrofatty replacement of muscle. It is in the "provisionally unclassified" category of the ISSVA classification of vascular anomalies. Terminology T...

Generalized lymphatic anomaly

Generalized lymphatic anomaly, previously known as lymphangiomatosis or cystic angiomatosis, is a systemic condition characterized by multifocal lymphatic malformations with systemic distribution. The distribution of lesions is variable; there can be cutaneous, thoracic and abdominal viscera and...

Isikoff's View

The Isikoff's view is a sonographic view which demonstrates the origins of the right and left renal arteries. It is taken in the longitudinal plane with the patient in the left lateral decubitus position 1.

Vestibule (disambiguation)

A vestibule is an anatomical term and refers to a small cavity at the proximal end of a tube. It may refer to: vestibule (aorta) vestibule (ear) vestibule (larynx) vestibule (mouth) vestibule (nose) vestibule (esophagus) vestibule (vulva) History and etymology Vestibule derives ultimate...

Charles T Dotter

Charles T Dotter (1920-1985) is often considered the father of interventional radiology who in 1964 performed the very first peripheral angioplasty, and made many other major contributions in this field. Early life Charles Theodore Dotter was born in Boston on 14 June 1920. He graduated with a...

Aortic root abscess

An aortic root abscess is a serious complication of infective endocarditis and most commonly seen in patients who have had aortic root repair and/or aortic valve replacement. Epidemiology Aortic root abscess occurs as a complication of infective endocarditis in 10-37% 9. Abscess formation in p...

Hickman catheter

Hickman catheters (or Hickman lines) are a type of tunneled central venous access line. Radiographic features Hickman catheters are typically inserted into either jugular vein, and the proximal tubing is tunneled through the subcutaneous tissues to a skin incision on the chest. The distal part...

Tunica (disambiguation)

Tunica is a word used in anatomy to refer to a type of covering. tunica adventitia (also known as tunica externa) tunica albuginea tunica albuginea (clitoris) tunica albuginea (ovary) tunica albuginea (penis) tunica albuginea (testis) tunica intima tunica media tunica vaginalis tunica...

Pretzel sign (serpentine aneurysm)

The pretzel sign is seen on DSA and is indicative of a serpentine aneurysm 1. The sign refers to the sinusoid configuration of the intra-aneurysmal vascular channel seen in serpentine aneurysms, giving it the appearance of a pretzel.

Serpentine aneurysm

Serpentine aneurysm is a rare subtype of intracranial aneurysm with a distinct appearance. It consists of a partially thrombosed giant intracranial aneurysm (≥ 25 mm) traversed by a patent serpiginous intra-aneurysmal vascular channel. This vascular channel has an entry and an exit point, differ...

Popliteal venous aneurysm

Popliteal venous aneurysms are rare than those of the popliteal artery and are mostly asymptomatic. However, due to the disturbance of the venous blood flow, they can lead to potentially life-threatening consequences, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Epidemiology ...

Prostatic venous plexus

The prostatic venous plexus (also known as Santorini's plexus) is a network of veins around the anterolateral aspect of the prostate and anterior to the bladder. Tributaries include: deep dorsal vein of the penis anterior vesical rami prostatic rami The receipt of blood from the vesical and ...

Needle gauge system

The needle gauge system, often called just the Gauge or G, is an internationally-used scale for sizing needles. It was adopted from pre-existing gauges which were used in industry to size metal wire. In contradistinction to the French scale, the other well-known sizing system, which is a metric...

French gauge

The French gauge (Fr) (also known as the French scale or system) is used to size catheters, and other instruments, in interventional radiology and surgery. In some parts of the world, the Charrière (Ch) is used as the name of the unit, in honor of its inventor. French sizing The French system...

Coronary artery dissection

Coronary artery dissection is a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome especially in young patients who are otherwise healthy. A spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is defined as a non-iatrogenic dissection of an epicardial coronary artery not associated with atherosclerosis or trauma....

Lipohyalinosis

Lipohyalinosis (also known as fibrinoid necrosis) is a disease affecting the small cerebral arteries associated with lacunar infarction and deep white matter changes related to small vessel chronic ischemia. Pathology The histopathological landmarks of lipohyalinosis are irregular fibrosis and...

Doppler angle

Doppler angle corrects for the usual clinical situation when an ultrasound beam is not parallel to the Doppler signal. For instance, if one wants to evaluate an artery, the best angle for evaluation would be at zero degrees (parallel to the vessel). The strongest signal and best waveforms would...

Congenital hemangioma

Congenital hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors of childhood that are present at birth. They are generally different from the much commoner infantile hemangioma on imaging and have distinct histological and clinical features. While the majority are cutaneous or subcutaneous in nature, they ca...

Parotid infantile hemangioma

Parotid infantile hemangiomas are the most common parotid tumor of childhood. They usually run a characteristically benign course. Epidemiology The median age at diagnosis is 4 months 1. There is a female preponderance with a male: female ratio of 1:3. Clinical presentation Presents as an en...

Posterior auricular vein

The posterior auricular vein is tributary of the external jugular vein or retromandibular vein. Gross anatomy Origin and course It arises over the mastoid process of the temporal bone draining the skin behind the ear and courses anteriorly into the parotid gland, draining into the external ju...

Free-floating thrombus of the internal carotid artery

Free-floating thrombus of the internal carotid artery is an uncommon entity placing the patient at high risk for acute ischemic stroke. It is characterized by intraluminal thrombus within the internal carotid artery (ICA) and aggressively managed with surgical, medical, or combined therapy. Ep...

Iliac artery endofibrosis

Iliac artery endofibrosis is a rare condition that affects young endurance athletes, characterized by a non-atherosclerotic stenosis of the iliac artery. Epidemiology It is a rare entity that affects highly trained endurance athletes, mostly cyclists and long-distance runners 4. The disease ha...

Short gastric arteries

The short gastric arteries are a group of short arteries arising from the terminal splenic artery and the left gastroepiploic artery which supply the fundus of the stomach along its greater curvature. The vessels are short in length, variable in number and course through the gastrosplenic ligam...

Posterior left ventricular artery

The posterior left ventricular (PLV) artery, also known as the posterolateral artery or branch (PLA or PLB), is a terminal branch of the coronary arterial system supplying the inferior portion of the heart. It usually arises from the right coronary artery in the typically right-dominant circulat...

Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa

Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa is a rare cause of chronic lymphedema, arising in the setting of chronic nonfilarial lymphedema caused by bacterial or noninfectious obstruction of the lymphatics. Clinical presentation It presents mostly as grossly edematous and disfigured lower extremities, du...

Internal palpebral artery

The internal palpebral arteries, or medial palpebral arteries, are branches of the ophthalmic artery, with superior and inferior medial palpebral branches arising opposite the trochlear of the superior oblique muscle. Gross anatomy The internal palpebral arteries enter the superior and inferio...

Orbitofrontal artery

The orbitofrontal arteries, or frontobasal arteries, supply the orbitofrontal cortex. They consist of both medial and lateral orbitofrontal arteries. Gross anatomy The medial orbitofrontal artery (MOFA) is most commonly the first branch of the A2 segment of the anterior cerebral artery. It ari...

Aortic transection

An aortic transection, also known as a traumatic aortic rupture, is a type of traumatic aortic injury. It is considered the second most common cause of death associated with motor vehicle accidents. Pathology It occurs from a near-complete tear through "all the layers" of the aorta due to trau...

Type I endoleak

Type I endoleaks are a subgroup of endoleaks which occur at graft ends, often due to an inadequate seal. Epidemiology Associations most common after repair of thoracic aortic aneurysms 4 Pathology They occur as a result of poor apposition between one of the attachment sites of a stent-graf...

Inferior Rectal Artery

The inferior rectal artery is an artery arising from the internal pudendal artery that supplies the lower anal canal including the external anal sphincter. Summary origin: from internal pudendal artery, just after it enters the pudendal canal course: runs anteromedially through the ischioanal...

Phlegmasia cerulea dolens

Phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) is an uncommon complication of deep venous thrombosis, which results from extensive thrombotic occlusion of the major and collateral veins of an extremity (usually the legs). Epidemiology Left leg is more commonly affected than the right 4. Risk factors Risk f...

Syphilitic aortitis

Syphilitic aortitis is a form of aortitis which occurs due to syphilis. It usually occurs in tertiary syphilis often 10-30 years after initial infection. Complications progression into a luetic aneurysm aortic valvular insufficiency coronary ostial involvement with coronary ostial stenosis ...

Coronary Artery Disease - Reporting and Data System

The Coronary Artery Disease - Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) is a standardized method for reporting and communicating coronary CT angiography findings and serves as a clinical decision support tool to guide subsequent patient management. History and etymology The system was created by a ...

Mickey Mouse sign (ultrasound)

The Mickey Mouse sign is said to represent the normal anatomy of the common femoral artery, common femoral vein and great saphenous vein on ultrasound at the level just inferior the inguinal crease. See also Mickey Mouse appearance

Accessory meningeal artery

The accessory meningeal artery is a branch of the maxillary artery but can also branch from the middle meningeal artery. The artery passes upwards through the foramen ovale to supply the trigeminal ganglion and the dura mater of Meckel cave and the middle cranial fossa. It also usually supplies...

Type III endoleak

A type III endoleak is a type of endoleak which usually occurs through a defect in the graft. It may be divided into two components. IIIa: junctional separation of the modular components IIIb: fractures or holes involving the endograft Epidemiology It is relatively uncommon and only occurs ...

Rhupus syndrome

Rhupus syndrome is a term traditionally used to describe patients uncommonly having the coexistence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Pulmonary artery catheter

Pulmonary artery catheters (or Swan-Ganz catheters) are balloon flotation catheters that can be inserted simply, quickly, with little training and without fluoroscopic guidance, at the bedside, even in the seriously ill patient, into the pulmonary arteries. Usage Historically, pulmonary artery...

Lymphocele of the thoracic duct

Lymphoceles of the thoracic duct, also known as thoracic duct cysts, are lymph-filled collections/dilatations that can arise from any portion of the thoracic duct. The clinical significance of a thoracic duct cyst lies in its misidentification as a pathological lesion at radiological assessment...

Subcostal artery

The subcostal arteries are bilateral small arteries that arise from the distal descending thoracic aorta and course beneath the 12th rib. In part supplying the vertebra and spinal cord, they are considered one of the segmental arteries of the aorta. Gross Anatomy The subcostal arteries are ana...

Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations

Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations (RVCL-S) is an autosomal dominant microvasculopathy of the brain, retina, and other organ systems. Terminology RVCL-S encompasses several previously described conditions 1,2, including cerebroretinal vasculopath...

COL4A1-related disorders

COL4A1-related disorders are a group of autosomal dominant disorders caused by a mutation in the COL4A1 gene. Epidemiology The exact prevalence is unknown, but the group of disorders is considered to be under-recognized, especially asymptomatic variants 1. Clinical presentation The clinical ...

Traumatic aortic injury

Traumatic aortic injury (TAI) is most often caused by blunt trauma (referred to as BTAI) and is best described in terms of injury location, type and severity: abdominal aortic injury aortic pseudoaneurysm thoracic aortic injury minimal aortic injury See traumatic aortic injury in the exam.

Minimal aortic injury

Minimal aortic injury (MAI) is a mild form of blunt traumatic aortic injury which are limited to the aortic intima and are recognized more frequently due to the use of high-resolution vascular imaging in trauma. Epidemiology Minimal aortic injuries account for 10-28% of all blunt traumatic aor...

Fusiform intracranial aneurysm

Fusiform intracranial aneurysms are a type of intracranial aneurysms with an elongated fusiform shape caused by atherosclerotic disease most common in the vertebrobasilar circulation. Epidemiology 3%-13% of all intracranial aneurysms Clinical presentation They can be incidental or asymptomat...

Superficial palmar branch of the radial artery

The superficial palmar branch of the radial artery (also known as the palmar cutaneous branch) is a small branch of the radial artery in the distal forearm. It arises from the radial artery just proximal to the flexor retinaculum, which it passes superficially over before entering the hand to su...

Radialis indicis artery

The radialis indicis artery is a branch of the radial artery in the hand that supplies the radial aspect of the index finger (2nd digit). It arises from the radial artery in the palm just after the origin of the princeps pollicis artery. The artery courses distally along the radial (lateral) pal...

Princeps pollicis artery

The princeps pollicis artery (also known as the first palmar metacarpal artery) is a branch of the radial artery that supplies the thumb (1st digit). It arises from the radial artery just as it enters the palm and courses distally along the palmar aspect of 1st metacarpal. At the 1st metacarpoph...

Arterial anastomosis of the elbow

The periarticular arterial anastomosis of the elbow consists of several arteries that supply the elbow joint and its supporting structures. It functions to allow blood to flow around the elbow joint no matter which position the joint is in. The arteries that contribute include: brachial artery...

Anterior ulnar recurrent artery

The anterior ulnar recurrent artery is a recurrent branch of the proximal ulnar artery that ascends in the anterior medial aspect of the elbow, anterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus to anastomose with the inferior ulnar collateral artery (from the brachial artery) and contribute to th...

Posterior ulnar recurrent artery

The posterior ulnar recurrent artery is a recurrent branch of the proximal ulnar artery that ascends in the posterior medial aspect of the elbow, posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus to anastomose with the superior ulnar collateral artery (from the brachial artery) and contribute to...

Interosseous recurrent artery

The interosseous recurrent artery is a branch of the posterior interosseous artery just after its origin, within the proximal aspect of the posterior compartment of the forearm. It courses proximally between the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and olecranon of the ulna to anastomose with the m...

Posterior interosseous artery

The posterior interosseous artery is one of the two terminal branches of the short common interosseous artery (from the ulnar artery). The artery courses deep in the proximal anterior compartment of the forearm to pierce the upper aspect of the interosseous membrane and enter the posterior compa...

Anterior interosseous artery

The anterior interosseous artery is one of the two branches of the short common interosseous artery (from the ulnar artery). The artery courses deep in the anterior compartment of the forearm on the anterior surface of the interosseous membrane along with the anterior interosseous nerve (from th...

Common interosseous artery

The common interosseous artery is a branch of the proximal part of the ulnar artery at the level of the pronator teres in the distal part of the cubital fossa. It is a short vessel that dives laterally and deeply before bifurcating into anterior and posterior interosseous arteries.

Radial collateral artery

The radial collateral artery is one of the two terminal branches of the deep brachial artery. As it descends in the distal part of the posterior compartment of the arm, it pierces the lateral intermuscular septum and contributes to the arterial anastomosis of the elbow specifically the radial re...

Middle collateral artery

The middle collateral artery is one of the two terminal branches of the deep brachial artery. As it descends in the distal part of the posterior compartment of the arm, it contributes to the arterial anastomosis of the elbow specifically the interosseous recurrent artery which is the proximal co...

Anterior intercostal arteries

The intercostal spaces are supplied by pairs of posterior and anterior intercostal arteries. Gross Anatomy The 1st to 6th anterior intercostal arteries arise directly from the lateral aspect of the internal thoracic artery. The 7th to 9th arise from the musculophrenic artery, a branch of the i...

Median antebrachial vein

The median antebrachial vein is a superficial vein of the anterior forearm that drains the superficial structures of the forearm and wrist between the basilic and cephalic veins. It ascends to the cubital fossa where it usually drains into the median cephalic and median basilic veins (collective...

Radial vein

The radial vein is one of the two major deep veins of the forearm, along with the ulnar vein. As is usual in the upper and lower limbs, there are often two veins (venae comitantes) that run on either side of the radial artery and anastomose freely with each other. It forms in the hand from the ...

Ulnar vein

The ulnar vein is one of the two major deep veins of the forearm, along with the radial vein. As is usual in the upper and lower limbs, there are often two veins (venae comitantes) that run on either side of the ulnar artery and anastomose freely with each other. It forms in the hand from the d...

Median cubital vein

The median cubital vein is the superficial vein overlying the bicipital aponeurosis in the roof of the cubital fossa, commonly cannulated for intravenous access. It variably forms as either a H or M type pattern joining the median antebrachial, basilic and cephalic veins. If a M-shaped pattern, ...

Superior thoracic artery

The superior thoracic artery is the only branch of the first part of the axillary artery. It is only a small and highly variable artery. Gross anatomy Origin and course The superior thoracic artery originates from the first part of the axillary artery, just inferior to subclavius. It courses...

Thoracoacromial artery (mnemonic)

Some useful mnemonics to remember the branches of the thoracoacromial artery are: Cadavers Are Dead People PACkeD Mnemonics Cadavers Are Dead People C: clavicular A: acromial D: deltoid P: pectoral PACkeD P: pectoral A: acromial C: clavicular D: deltoid

Internal pudendal vein

The internal pudendal veins are the set of accompanying veins to the internal pudendal artery draining the perineal region to empty into the internal iliac vein. Gross Anatomy Tributaries inferior rectal veins males penile bulb and scrotum vein females clitoris and posterior labial vein ...

Supreme intercostal arteries

The supreme intercostal arteries, or superior intercostal arteries, are formed as a direct result of the embryological development of the intersegmental arteries. These arteries are paired structures of the upper thorax which normally form to provide blood flow to the first and second posterior ...

Systemic lupus erythematosus (CNS manifestations)

Central nervous system manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (CNS lupus) describe a wide variety of neuropsychiatric manifestations that are secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the central nervous system (CNS). For a general discussion, and for links to other system spec...

Radial recurrent artery

The radial recurrent artery is the largest lateral branch of the radial artery in the forearm, arising just after its origin. It courses proximally on supinator from its origin to form an arterial arcade with the anterior branch (radial collateral artery) of the profunda brachii (deep brachial) ...

Basilar artery aneurysm

Basilar artery aneurysms are less common than anterior circulation aneurysms, and rupture less frequently, but their critical location necessitates careful evaluation. Unruptured basilar artery aneurysms occurs in 3% of all intracranial aneurysms 4. Radiographic features CT may present as ...

Wells criteria for deep venous thrombosis

Wells criteria for deep venous thrombosis is a risk stratification score and clinical decision rule to estimate the pretest probability for acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT). It is intended to be combined with noninvasive diagnostic tests (e.g. ultrasound or D-dimer) for suspected cases. D-dime...

Catheter-directed thrombolysis

Catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) is an endovascular approach to the treatment of acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis. It involves the administration of a lytic agent directly into a thrombus. Indications precise diagnosis of iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis first episode of acute ili...

Iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis

Iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a thrombus in the iliac vein (common, external or internal) and/or common femoral vein obstructs the venous outflow from the lower limb leading to marked edema. DVT of the IVC or the more distal lower limb veins may also be present. Terminology...

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