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Prepatellar quadriceps continuation

The prepatellar quadriceps continuation is formed by the extension of the rectus femoris tendon connecting the patellar and quadriceps tendons. Gross anatomy The quadriceps tendon is a multilayer structure, where each of the four components of the muscle (vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vas...

Epicardium

The epicardium is the visceral part of the serous pericardium and forms the outer layer of the cardiac wall. Gross anatomy The epicardium is the visceral part of the serous pericardium, envelopes the heart, contains a variable amount of epicedial fatty tissue adjoining the myocardium at its ou...

Myocardium

The myocardium defines the middle layer of the cardiac wall between the endocardium and the pericardium and forms the muscular part of the heart. Gross anatomy The myocardium represents the middle layer of the cardiac wall. It is located between the endocardium and the epicardial layer of the ...

Superficial palmar arch

The superficial palmar arch originates as the terminal branch of the ulnar artery, distal to the flexor retinaculum 1. It is located superficial to the long flexor tendons of the digits and deep to the palmar aponeurosis. The superficial palmar arch travels distally, then laterally across the m...

Deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery

The deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery originates from the ulnar artery near the base of the fifth metacarpal. It contributes to the arterial supply of the opponens pollicis, hypothenar and interossei muscles. It also supports the supply of the palmar aspect of the metacarpus and digits, via...

Palmar carpal branches

The two palmar carpal branches originate from the radial and ulnar arteries, respectively. They anastomose centrally, supporting the arterial supply of the anterior aspect of the wrist via their contribution to forming the palmar carpal arch 1. The palmar carpal branch of the ulnar artery trave...

Proper dorsal digital arteries

The proper dorsal digital arteries arise from the dorsal metacarpal arteries at the level of the metacarpophalangeal joint. They contribute to the dorsal arterial supply of the digits. The proper dorsal digital arteries travel along the medial and lateral side of the dorsal aspect of each digit...

Endocardium

The endocardium defines the inner soft tissue lining of the heart within the cardiac chambers and constitutes the superficial surface of the cardiac valves. It apparently serves as a regulatory mechanism on myocardial contractility. Gross anatomy The endocardium represents the inner layer of t...

Condylar process of the mandible

The condylar process, also called the condyloid process, is the process on the mandible that articulates with the disk of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Gross anatomy The mandibular condylar process consists of two portions: condyle presents an articular surface for articulation with th...

Horseshoe pancreas

A horseshoe pancreas is a term that has been used for a rare anatomic variant of the pancreas in which the uncinate process is unusually elongated such that it extends along the whole 3rd part of the duodenum to mirror the tail superiorly forming a horseshoe-shaped gland 1. History and etymolog...

Horseshoe-shaped (disambiguation)

Several normal anatomical structures and rare organ variants have been described as being horseshoe-shaped. Organ anomalies horseshoe kidney horseshoe lung horseshoe adrenal horseshoe appendix horseshoe pancreas 1 Horseshoe-shaped organs hyoid bone limbic lobe supramarginal gyrus tymp...

Horseshoe appendix

A horseshoe appendix is an extremely rare variant of the vermiform appendix, in which the appendix arises from the cecum and curves back on itself to re-insert into the cecum, similar to a semicircular canal in the inner ear. Epidemiology Anatomic variation of the appendix is extremely rare. I...

Cuneiform bones

There are three cuneiform bones in the tarsus of a normal human foot, they are from medial to lateral: medial cuneiform intermediate cuneiform lateral cuneiform History and etymology Cuneiform means wedge-shaped from the Latin words 'cuneus' meaning wedge and 'form' referring to shape.

Supra bulla frontal cell

Supra bulla frontal cells are an anatomical variant of the paranasal sinuses, included in the International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification. Gross anatomy Cell that originates in the supra-bulla region and pneumatizes along the skull base into the posterior region of the frontal sinus. Th...

Supra agger cell

Supra agger cells are an anatomical variant of the paranasal sinuses, included in the International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification. Gross anatomy These are an anterior-lateral ethmoidal cell, located above the agger nasi cell (not pneumatizing into the frontal sinus). The supra agger cel...

Supra bulla cell

Supra bulla cells are an anatomical variant of the paranasal sinuses, included in the International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification. Gross anatomy Cell above the bulla ethmoidalis that does not enter the frontal sinus. The supra agger cells push the drainage pathway anteriorly.

Supra agger frontal cell

Supra agger frontal cells are an anatomical variant of the paranasal sinuses, included in the International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification. Gross anatomy Anterior-lateral ethmoidal cell that extends into the frontal sinus. A small SAFC will only extend into the floor of the frontal sinus...

International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification

International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification (IFAC) result from an expert consensus, developed to improve the ability of the surgeon to understand the possible variations of the frontal recess and frontal sinus anatomy. Classification anterior cells: push the drainage pathway of the fron...

Lesions of the prepatellar quadriceps continuation

Lesions of the prepatellar quadriceps continuation are partial or complete tears of the prepatellar quadriceps continuation, that can occur with or without patellar or quadriceps tendon tears and can cause anterior knee pain. Pathology Disruption and separation of prepatellar quadriceps conti...

Venous drainage of the hand

Venous drainage of the hand is predominantly via the dorsal venous network in the superficial fascia, which extends proximally across the dorsal aspect of the metacarpus to drain laterally into the cephalic vein, and medially into the basilic vein 1. An accessory cephalic vein commonly drains pa...

Popliteus bursa

The popliteus bursa also known as subpopliteal recess is a synovial lined knee expansion or recess and located in the posterolateral corner of the knee. Gross anatomy The popliteus bursa is an expansion of the synovial membrane positioned between the posterior portion of the lateral meniscus a...

Split atlas

Split or bipartite atlas is the rare congenital anomaly where the atlas is split into two halves by fusion defects in both the anterior and posterior arches. The osseous defects are spanned by fibrous tissue. They are usually asymptomatic and found incidentally on spinal imaging. Patients may h...

Pars interarticularis

The pars interarticularis or simply pars (plural: partes interarticulares) is the part of a vertebra located between the superior and inferior articular processes. Gross anatomy In the axis and the thoracolumbar spine, the pars interarticularis is a narrow isthmus between the superior and inf...

Carpometacarpal joint

The carpometacarpal (CMC) joints are synovial joints formed by articulations of the distal carpal row and the metacarpal bones. Gross anatomy Articulations The carpometacarpal joints are made up of a number of bony articulations 1. first carpometacarpal: distinct synovial curved saddle joint...

Interfoveolar ligament

The interfoveolar ligament, formerly known as the ligament of Hesselbach, (TA: ligamentum interfoveolare) is a tendinous structure that forms from the transversus abdominis muscle 1. Gross anatomy A band of fibers run from the inferior and posterior aspect of transversus abdominis muscle to i...

Wrist

The wrist is a complex synovial joint formed by articulations of the radius, the articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint and the carpal bones. Terminology Somewhat confusingly, the term carpus can be used as a synonym for the wrist joint as a whole, or in a more restricted sense to refer...

Crural arteries

Crural arteries are the arteries of the leg, distal to the popliteal artery. Usage Typically used in the context of peripheral arterial disease, the term is used to describe distal lesions, as distinct from those in the aortoiliac or femoropopliteal segments of the arterial tree. Crural arteri...

Ossification centers of the hand

Primary ossification centers present at birth Visible on x-ray from birth: metacarpal diaphyses: 9 weeks in utero phalangeal diaphyses: 9-12 weeks in utero Primary ossification centers developing after birth Ossification of the carpal bones occurs in a predictable sequence, starting with th...

Cortex (disambiguation)

The term cortex (plural: cortices) is used for multiple structures in human anatomy, and in general refers to an outer layer, which in many organs (brain aside) lies external to a medulla. cortex (brain) cerebral cortex cerebellar cortex cortex (adrenal) cortex (bone) cortex (crystalline l...

Rhomboid fossa of the clavicle

Rhomboid fossa of the clavicle is recognized as a concave impression of the inferior surface of the sternal (medial) end of the clavicle 1. It is a normal anatomical variant that can be seen unilaterally (more often) or bilaterally. Epidemiology It is more common in males than females, and you...

Interphalangeal joint (disambiguation)

The interphalangeal joints (IPJs) may refer to either: interphalangeal joints of the fingers interphalangeal joints of the toes

Ischiogluteal bursa

The ischiogluteal bursa is located deep to the inferior portion of the gluteus maximus muscle and postero-inferior to the ischial tuberosity 1. Related pathology Ischeogluteal bursitis (so-called “weaver’s bottom”) is classically associated with sustained pressure on the ischial tuberosity, se...

Obturator internus bursa

The obturator internus bursa is a narrow, elongated fluid pocket situated between the obturator internus tendon and the posterior surface of the ischium 1 which is usually only visible when distended with fluid. Its shape has been likened to that of a “boomerang” 1, particularly when viewed in t...

Obturator externus bursa

The obturator externus bursa is situated over the posteroinferior aspect of the hip joint. It is a potential communication of the postero-inferior hip joint synovium between the ischiofemoral ligament and the zona orbicularis 1,2. Related pathology Obturator externus bursa may occur in patien...

Gluteofemoral bursa

The gluteofemoral bursa is situated over the lateral aspect of the hip. It sits caudal to the greater trochanter of the proximal femur, positioned beneath the iliotibial band in the region where the tendinous fibers of the gluteus maximus insert 1. Its location over the posterior border of the v...

Subgluteus minimus bursa

The subgluteus minimus bursa is one of the chief bursae situated over the lateral aspect of the hip joint. It is located in the area of the anterior facet of the greater trochanter of the proximal femur, deep to the gluteus minimus tendon, and both medial and superior to its insertion 1,2. Rela...

Subgluteus medius bursa

The subgluteus medius bursa is one of the chief bursae situated on the lateral aspect of the hip joint. It is located deep to the distal insertion of the gluteus medius tendon, and covers a region of the superior part of the lateral facet of the greater trochanter of the proximal femur 1,2. Rel...

Scaphotrapeziotrapezoid ligament

The scaphotrapeziotrapezoid (STT) ligament is one of the intracapsular, intrinsic midcarpal ligaments 1-3. Gross anatomy The scaphotrapeziotrapezoid ligament connects the distal pole of the scaphoid with the trapezium and trapezoid bones in a V-shaped fashion. 1-3. Attachments The scaphotrap...

Venous drainage of the foot

Venous drainage of the foot can be divided into two main components. Plantar veins, draining the sole (plantar surface) of the foot, and the dorsal veins which drain the dorsal surface of the foot. The veins of the foot are susceptible to several pathologies, including corona phelbectatica, vari...

Foot

The foot is the most distal part of the lower limb below the leg and ankle. It is a complex anatomical structure and can be subdivided into the hindfoot, the midfoot, and the forefoot. The bones of the foot are: tarsals (7) talus calcaneus cuneiforms (3) cuboid navicular metatarsals (5) ...

Coronary ligament (liver)

The coronary ligament is a peritoneal ligament complex of the liver which encloses the bare area of the liver. Gross anatomy The coronary ligament is formed by the reflection of the peritoneum from the undersurface of the diaphragm onto the superior and posterior surfaces to the right lobe of ...

Superior petrosal vein

The superior petrosal vein, also known as Dandy’s vein or simply the petrosal vein, is the largest vein in the posterior cranial fossa, draining the anterior aspect of the cerebellum and brainstem into the superior petrosal sinus. Gross anatomy Each superior petrosal vein is usually formed by...

Radial collateral ligament of the wrist

The radial collateral ligament or radioscaphoid ligament is one of the intracapsular, extrinsic radiocarpal ligaments and a radial stabilizer of the wrist 1-3. Gross anatomy The radial collateral ligament connects the radial styloid process with the scaphoid running in a fan-shaped, fairly lon...

Ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist

The ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist is an extrinsic dorsal ulnocarpal ligament and functions as a part of the triangular fibrocartilage complex as an ulnar stabilizer of the wrist 1-3. Gross anatomy The ulnar collateral ligament connects the ulnar styloid al process with the triquetrum ...

Anterior oblique ligament of the thumb

The anterior oblique ligament of the thumb is one of several carpometacarpal ligaments of the thumb and also one of its main stabilizers 1. Terminology The anterior oblique ligament of the thumb is also known as the ‘beak ligament’. It can be divided into a superficial and a deep component and...

Pacinian corpuscle

Pacinian corpuscles, also known as Vater-Pacini corpuscles or lamellar corpuscles, are pressure-sensitive nerve endings in the skin. They are the largest mechanoreceptors in the body and are important to recognize as they may be mistaken for pathology. Gross anatomy Pacinian corpuscles are see...

Ulnocapitate ligament

The ulnocapitate ligament is the most superficial of the three extrinsic palmar ulnocarpal ligaments and a volar stabilizer of the ulnocarpal complex 1-3. Gross anatomy The ulnocapitate ligament is the only ulnocarpal ligament directly attaching to the ulnar head. It runs superficial to the ul...

Ulnotriquetral ligament

The ulnotriquetral ligament is one of the intracapsular extrinsic palmar ulnocarpal ligaments and a component of the ulnocarpal complex 1-4. Gross anatomy The ulnotriquetral ligament forms the anterior and ulnar part of the ulnocarpal joint capsule together with the ulnolunate ligament, with w...

Ulnolunate ligament

The ulnolunate ligament is one of the intracapsular, extrinsic palmar ulnocarpal ligaments and a component of the ulnocarpal complex 1-4. Gross anatomy The ulnolunate ligament forms the anterior part of the ulnocarpal joint capsule together with the ulnotriquetral ligament, with which it share...

Dorsal radiocarpal ligament

The dorsal radiocarpal ligament is a large extrinsic intracapsular dorsal radiocarpal ligament and one of the main dorsal stabilizers of the wrist 1-3. Terminology The dorsal radiocarpal ligament is also known as ‘dorsal radiolunotriquetral ligament’, or ‘dorsal radiotriquetral ligament’. Gro...

Short radiolunate ligament

The short radiolunate ligament is one of the intracapsular, extrinsic palmar radiocarpal ligaments and a volar stabilizer of the wrist and the lunate bone 1-4. Gross anatomy The short radiolunate ligament forms a part of the volar radiocarpal joint capsule and connects the palmar surface of th...

Long radiolunate ligament

The long radiolunate ligament is a large intracapsular, extrinsic palmar radiocarpal ligament and a volar stabilizer of the wrist 1-3. Terminology The long radiolunate ligament is also known as 'radiolunotriquetral ligament', 'volar radiotriquetral ligament' or 'volar radiolunate ligament'. G...

Radioscaphocapitate ligament

The radioscaphocapitate ligament is one of the intracapsular, extrinsic palmar radiocarpal ligaments and a volar stabilizer of the wrist 1-3. Gross anatomy The radioscaphocapitate ligament connects the palmar surface of the distal radius with the scaphoid and the capitate bone, running in an o...

Tubulation

Tubulation is the adult-type appearance of long bones with a diaphyseal narrowing or constriction that forms due to periosteal bone resorption and endosteal bone formation at the metaphysis during longitudinal bone growth at the physis. Related pathology Numerous diseases can affect tubulatio...

Medioplantar oblique ligament

The medioplantar oblique ligament is one of three components of the spring ligament complex, stabilizing the longitudinal arch of the foot 1,2. Gross anatomy The medioplantar oblique ligament connects the calcaneal coronoid fossa to the navicular bone and runs plantar in relation to the supero...

Inferoplantar longitudinal ligament

The inferoplantar longitudinal ligament is one of three components of the spring ligament complex, which stabilizes the longitudinal arch of the foot and supports the head of the talus 1,2. Gross anatomy The inferoplantar longitudinal ligament connects the lateral part of the coronoid fossa of...

Superomedial calcaneonavicular ligament

The superomedial calcaneonavicular ligament is a stabilizer of the longitudinal arch of the foot and one of three components of the spring ligament complex 1,2. Gross anatomy The superomedial calcaneonavicular ligament connects the sustentaculum tali with the superomedial part of the navicular...

Myotendinous junction

Myotendinous junction (MTJ) is a part of the myotendinous unit, which connects muscle and tendon, and transmits forces between them. Anatomy Myotendinous junction consists of interdigitating tendon fibers and terminal myocytes, creating finger-like projections which increase the contact area b...

Myotendinous unit

Myotendinous unit, also called muscle-tendon-bone or muscle-tendon-enthesis unit, is a complex structure, responsible for producing skeletal movement. Gross anatomy Myotendinous unit consists of bone, enthesis, tendon, myotendinous junction and muscle. However, the presence of certain componen...

Chevron sign (endopelvic fascial defect)

The chevron sign refers to the appearance caused on axial pelvic MR images by posterior drooping of the posterolateral wall(s) of the upper third of the vagina, due to loss of integrity of the lateral level 1 endopelvic fascia.

Saddlebag bladder sign (endopelvic fascial defect)

The saddlebag bladder sign refers to the appearance caused on axial pelvic MR images by posterior drooping of the posterolateral wall(s) of the urinary bladder, due to loss of integrity of the lateral level 2 endopelvic fascia. If combined with a defect of the puborectalis muscle on the ipsilate...

Drooping moustache sign (endopelvic fascial defect)

The drooping moustache sign refers to the appearance caused on axial pelvic MR images by posterior prolapse of the fat in the retropubic space, akin to the drooping corners of a moustache, due to loss of integrity of the urethral suspensory ligaments and level 3 endopelvic fascia.

Endopelvic fascia

The endopelvic fascia is the enveloping connective tissue network for the pelvic viscera, suspending, supporting and fusing the pelvic organs to the arcus tendineus fasciae pelvis, which itself inserts onto the pelvic sidewalls and pubic bones. The major anterior component is the pubovesical li...

H and M lines (pelvic floor)

The H and M lines are reference lines for the pelvic floor on imaging studies and help detect and grade pelvic floor prolapse on defecography studies. The H line is drawn from the inferior margin of the pubic symphysis to the posterior aspect of the anorectal junction, and represents the diamet...

Venous lacunae (skull)

Venous lacunae, also known as venous lakes, are enlarged venous spaces within the skull, most often in the parasagittal region. They are normal variants and their primary importance is that they may mimic lytic lesions. Gross anatomy Venous lacunae are the result of focal venous dilatations ...

Thebesian valve

The Thebesian valve, also known as the valve of the coronary sinus, is a fold in the right atrium at the opening of the coronary sinus 1. The valve can create difficulties and interfere with the cannulation of the coronary sinus during cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) 1. Gross anatomy ...

Synovium

The synovium (plural: synoviums, not synovia) or synovial membrane is a soft tissue lining of joints bursae and tendon sheaths and seems to be responsible for the secretion and absorption of synovial fluid components, whereby the synovial fluid arises from leakage of the intimal capillaries 1-4....

Hypoglossal nucleus

The hypoglossal nuclei, exist as paired nuclei within the medulla oblongata that provide motor innervation to the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue (excluding palatoglossus) via the hypoglossal nerve. Gross Anatomy The hypoglossal nuclei are located within the tegmentum of upper me...

Glomus coccygeum

The glomus coccygeum or glomus body of the coccyx is a microanatomical structure formed by an arteriovenous anastomosis and represents likely a phylogenetic vestigial structure 1. Gross anatomy Glomus bodies are spheroidal or ovoid well-circumscribed vascular lesions. Their size is usually up ...

Cardiac position

The cardiac position in the thorax may be described as: levocardia: left-sided heart dextrocardia: right-sided heart mesocardia: midline heart These terms purely describe the anatomic position of the left ventricular apex in the chest and their use does not indicate anything about the struct...

Vestibular nuclei

The vestibular nuclei are a group of four small special sensory nuclei in the lower pons and upper medulla for the vestibular nerve component of the vestibulocochlear nerve. They are part of the extensive cranial nerve nuclei within the brainstem. Gross Anatomy The four nuclei are located adja...

Cochlear nuclei

The cochlear nuclei are a group of two small special sensory nuclei in the upper medulla for the cochlear nerve component of the vestibulocochlear nerve. They are part of the extensive cranial nerve nuclei within the brainstem. Gross Anatomy The dorsal and ventral nuclei are located in the dor...

Cranial nerve nuclei

The cranial nerve nuclei are a series of bilateral grey matter motor and sensory nuclei located in the midbrain, pons and medulla that are the collections of afferent and efferent cell bodies for many of the cranial nerves. Some nuclei are small and contribute to a single cranial nerve, such as...

Radial height

Radial height (also known as radial length) is the distance between two lines drawn perpendicular to the long axis of the radius on the AP projection from the apex of the radial styloid and level of the ulnar aspect of the articular surface. Usage A normal radial height is within the range 8–...

Facial nucleus

The facial nucleus or facial motor nucleus is the efferent nucleus of the facial nerve. Gross Anatomy The nucleus is located in the caudal lower aspect of the pontine tegmentum at the level of the middle cerebellar peduncles. It lies dorsal to the medial lemniscus and ventral and medial to the...

Oculomotor nucleus

The oculomotor nucleus is a small somatic motor nucleus in the midbrain and one of the two nuclei for the oculomotor nerve. Gross Anatomy The nucleus is located in the central midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus ventral and medial periaqueductal grey matter. It lies immediately ve...

Edinger-Westphal nucleus

The Edinger-Westphal nucleus is a small parasympathetic motor nucleus in the midbrain and one of the two nuclei for the oculomotor nerve. It is one of the cranial nerve nuclei. Gross Anatomy The nucleus is located in the central midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus ventral and medi...

Abducent nucleus

The abducent or abducens nucleus is a small motor nucleus in the pons for the abducens nerve. Gross anatomy The nucleus is located in the paramedian dorsal lower pons in the floor of the fourth ventricle lateral to the medial longitudinal fasciculus. The nucleus forms a longitudinal paramedian...

Trochlear nucleus

The trochlear nucleus is a small motor nucleus in the midbrain for the trochlear nerve. Gross Anatomy The nucleus is located in the midbrain at the level of the inferior colliculus ventral and medial periaqueductal grey and dorsal to the medial longitudinal fasciculus. It lies just caudal to ...

Dorsal vagal nucleus

The dorsal vagal nucleus, also known as the vagal nucleus, dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve or the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, is a elongated nucleus within the medulla oblongata that provides parasympathetic motor innervation to the viscera of the thorax and abdomen. It is the lar...

Calcar avis

Calcar avis is an elevation of white matter projecting from the medial wall of the occipital horn of the lateral ventricle. It is variably conspicuous, depending on how deep the calcarine sulcus is. Gross anatomy The calcar avis is located on the medial wall of the occipital horn, near the ju...

Short plantar ligament

The short plantar ligament or plantar calcaneocuboid ligament is a stabilizer of the calcaneocuboid joint, which forms the lateral part of the midtarsal (Chopart) joint. Gross anatomy The short plantar ligament is cone-shaped, consisting of a deeper and superficial part. It connects the inferi...

Dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament

The dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament is the dorsolateral stabilizer of the calcaneocuboid joint and a stabilizer of the midtarsal (Chopart) joint. Gross anatomy The dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament can arise as single- or multiband-structure lateral of the bifurcate ligament and can merge with the...

Dorsal talonavicular ligament

The dorsal talonavicular ligament is one of the three stabilizers of the talonavicular joint and therefore a stabilizer of the midtarsal (Chopart) joint. Gross anatomy The dorsal talonavicular ligament extends from the mid-talar neck to the navicular bone and merges with the joint capsule medi...

Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa

The subcutaneous or superficial infrapatellar bursa is one of many bursae surrounding the knee joint and shares the name with its deep counterpart. Gross anatomy It is located in the subcutaneous tissue between the distal patellar tendon insertion at the tibial tuberosity and the overlying ski...

Sinuvertebral nerve

The sinuvertebral nerve, also known as the recurrent meningeal nerve, or the recurrent nerve of Luschka, is a branch of the primary ventral ramus and grey ramus communicans in the intervertebral foramen. It enters the spinal canal and supplies the posterior portion of the annulus of the interver...

Optic strut

The optic strut is a paired bony projection that joins the body of the sphenoid bone with the anterior clinoid process of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone. It separates the optic canal superomedially from the superior orbital fissure inferolaterally 1. It also borders the anterior aspect of ...

Deep infrapatellar bursa

The deep infrapatellar bursa is one of many bursae surrounding the knee joint and shares the name with its superficial, subcutaneous counterpart. Gross anatomy It is located above the tibial tubercle immediately superior to the distal patellar tendon insertion and posterior to the lower third ...

Medial collateral ligament bursa

The medial collateral ligament bursa is one of the bursae of the knee with the shape of a vertically expanding compartment located between the superficial and deep portions of the medial collateral ligament 1-5. The bursa is usually located at the middle third of the knee, with the anterior marg...

Iliopsoas bursa

The Iliopsoas bursa, also known as the iliopectinate bursa, is one of the bursae involving the hip. It is the largest bursa around the hip joint. It is located beneath the musculotendinous portion of the iliopsoas muscle, anterior to the hip joint capsule and lateral to the common femoral vessel...

Palmar ulna bursa

The palmar ulna bursa is one of the bursae in the palmar surface of the hand. Gross anatomy The palmar ulnar bursa is usually the larger bursa and encases the majority of the flexor tendons. It typically originates at the level of the pronator quadratus muscle and continues distally to approxi...

Duodenal bulb

The duodenal bulb refers to the proximal most portion of the duodenum closest to the stomach and includes most of the D1 segment of the duodenum. It usually has a length of about 5 cm. It commences at the gastric pylorus and ends at the neck of the gallbladder. It is located posterior to the li...

Transverse tibiofibular ligament

The transverse tibiofibular ligament is part of the tibiofibular syndesmosis. Gross anatomy The transverse ligament is a thick round ligament, which takes a horizontal course between the posterior tibia and the edge of the lateral malleolar fossa distal to the posterior tibiofibular ligament a...

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