Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,854 results found
Article
Dengue fever
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne acute systemic viral infection caused by any of the four serotypes of the dengue virus.
Epidemiology
Dengue virus infections occur predominately in tropical and subtropical regions 3.
Clinical presentation
The infection can lead to a broad spectrum of sympto...
Article
Sharing cases and playlists
Sharing cases and playlists is a cornerstone of what Radiopaedia is all about. As such we offer a number of ways for cases and playlists to be shared and these can be accessed via the "share" button. Each of the ways of sharing has its own URL and all you need to do is copy one and share online,...
Article
Unlisted cases
Unlisted cases are great if you don't want other users to see them but still want to be able to easily share them with others.
When you have created a case you can set its visibility to unlisted.
Unlisted cases are:
not...
visible to other users when browsing Radiopaedia.org
indexed by se...
Article
Paralabral cyst of the hip
Paralabral cysts of the hip joint are a location-specific subtype of paralabral cysts. They are predominantly small, sometimes septate, well-defined multiloculated fluid intensity lesions. They are closely associated with acetabular labral tears. Their presence requires a thorough search for a l...
Article
LI-RADS
Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) is a set of standardized terminology and classification systems for imaging findings in liver lesions. The LI-RADS score for a liver lesion is an indication of its relative risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
The classification system is me...
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Talus
The talus (plural: tali 4), historically known as the astragalus, is a tarsal bone in the hindfoot that articulates with the tibia, fibula, calcaneus, and navicular bones. It has no muscular attachments and around 60% of its surface is covered by articular cartilage.
Gross anatomy
The talus h...
Article
Short tau inversion recovery
Short tau inversion recovery (STIR), also known as short TI inversion recovery, is a fat suppression technique with an inversion time TI = ln(2)·T1fat, where the signal of fat is zero. This equates to approximately 140 ms at 1.5 T.
To distinguish two tissue components with this technique, their...
Article
Kayser-Fleischer rings
Kayser-Fleischer rings, sometimes shortened to K-F rings, are caused by copper deposition in the cornea and are a specific, clinical sign of Wilson disease.
Clinical presentation
They are usually brown or dark reddish in color. Early on they may need a slit lamp to be visible before they becom...
Article
Spatial resolution (CT)
Spatial resolution in CT is the ability to distinguish between objects or structures that differ in density.
A high spatial resolution is important for one to discriminate between structures that are located within a small proximity to each other.
Factors affecting CT spatial resolution
fiel...
Article
Morquio syndrome
Morquio syndrome (in older literature it is sometimes called Morquio-Brailsford syndrome) is an autosomal recessive mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type IV.
Epidemiology
Incidence estimated at ~1:40,000.
Clinical presentation
Many cases present at ~2 years of age and have normal intelligence. Cl...
Article
CT myelography
CT myelography (CTM) is a myelography technique used mainly to assess for potential spinal canal stenosis when MRI is contraindicated or when dynamic imaging is required.
History
CT myelography was first performed in 1976 2 and became the gold standard for imaging the spinal canal and cord unt...
Article
Aortic valve
The aortic valve (AV) is one of the four cardiac valves. It is the semilunar valve that allows blood to exit the left ventricle (LV). It opens during systole and closes during diastole.
The valve has left, right, and posterior cusps, the bases of which attach around the valve orifice to a fibro...
Article
Babygram
Babygram is a radiograph that captures the newborn's entire body, including limbs. Alternatively, it may only capture the chest and abdomen.
Indications
Babygram is done in AP and lateral views in post-mortem studies of the stillborn foetus or after the termination of pregnancy due to gross co...
Article
Spinal cord stimulator
Spinal cord stimulators, also known as dorsal column stimulators, are surgically placed devices intended to provide symptom relief in individuals with chronic neurological pain (e.g. failed back syndrome, brachial plexopathy, complex regional pain syndrome).
However, their use remains controver...
Article
Hysterosalpingogram
A hysterosalpingogram (HSG) is a fluoroscopic examination of the uterus and the fallopian tubes, most commonly used in the investigation of infertility or recurrent spontaneous abortions.
Indications
infertility: to assess uterine morphology and tubal patency
Contraindications
pregnancy
act...
Article
Flail mandible
A flail mandible is an uncommon type of comminuted fracture through the mandibular symphysis and bilateral condyle and/or rami which can result in posterior displacement and internal rotation of the mandibular bodies, eversion of the angles of the mandible, and glossoptosis. Together with concom...
Article
High division of the brachial artery
A high division of the brachial artery is an unusually proximal bifurcation of the brachial artery into its ulnar and radial branches in the upper arm.
It is an anatomical variant of the arterial branching pattern of the upper limb.
Description
In general, the brachial artery bifurcates into...
Article
Brachial artery
The brachial artery is the main supply of arterial blood to the arm, forearm, and hand.
Summary
origin: continuation of axillary artery distal to teres major
location: medial upper arm
supply: muscles of the arm, forearm, and hand
main branches: profunda brachii
terminal branches: radial ...
Article
Slip-ring (CT)
Slip-ring functions to allow the transfer of electrical information and power between a rotating device and external components. They are used in helical CT and MRI scanners among other applications; in this setting, they allow image acquisition without progressive twisting of cables as the scan...
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Avulsion fractures of the knee
Avulsion fractures of the knee are numerous due to the many ligaments and tendons inserting around this joint. They include 1:
anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture
posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture
avulsion of the medial collateral ligament
origin of MCL avulsion fracture...