Articles

Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and edited by countless contributing members over a period of time. A global group of dedicated editors oversee accuracy, consulting with expert advisers, and constantly reviewing additions.

Create new article

1,092 results found

Thyroid inferno

Thyroid inferno refers to the color Doppler appearance of the thyroid gland in active Graves disease (inclusive of variants such as Marine-Lenhart syndrome) and consists of multiple small areas of color flow seen diffusely throughout the gland representing increased vascularity and arteriovenous...

Skeletal muscle edema on MRI (differential)

The presence of skeletal muscle edema (increased high T2/STIR signal) on MRI carries an extremely broad differential. Potential diagnoses include: trauma effects of direct injury or tear denervation injury: denervation changes in muscles early myositis ossificans inflammatory myopathies de...

Ivy sign (brain)

The ivy sign refers to the MRI appearance of patients with moyamoya disease or moyamoya syndrome. Prominent leptomeningeal collaterals result in vivid contrast enhancement and high signal on FLAIR due to slow flow. The appearance is reminiscent of the brain having been covered with ivy. Differe...

More black sign

The more black sign is a normal finding in lateral chest x-ray, and refers to the gradual increased apparent radiolucency (blackness) of the vertebral bodies, when proceeding from upper to lower chest. This is due to the increased proportion of the chest comprised of air containing lungs over di...

Soft tissue rim sign (ureteric calculus)

The soft tissue rim sign is used to distinguish a ureteric calculus from a phlebolith. The former appears as a calcific density with a surrounding soft tissue rim, representing the edematous ureteric wall. On the other hand, phleboliths usually have invisible walls (up to 8% may have a soft tiss...

Comet tail sign (phleboliths)

The comet tail sign (in urological imaging) helps distinguish a ureteric calculus from a phlebolith and strongly favors the latter. The sign refers to a tail of soft tissue extending from a calcification, representing the collapsed/scarred/thrombosed parent vein. When well seen, it is said to ...

Venus necklace

A Venus necklace is a term almost never used, but for the sake of completeness is included here. It has been used by some authors 1 to describe a series of T2 hyperintense lesions on the inferior surface of the corpus callosum in the midline (callososeptal interface), most frequently seen in mul...

Talar beak sign (talus)

The talar beak sign is seen in cases of tarsal coalition, and refers to a superior projection of the distal aspect of the talus. It is most frequently encountered in talocalcaneal coalition. It is thought to result from abnormal biomechanic stresses at the talonavicular joint. Terminology The...

Suspected physical abuse

Suspected physical abuse (SPA), also known as non-accidental injury (NAI) or inflicted injury, in infants and young children represents both ethical and legal challenges to treating physicians. Radiologists may be the first clinical staff to suspect non-accidental injuries when confronted with ...

Terry-Thomas sign

The Terry-Thomas sign refers to an increase in the scapholunate space on an AP radiograph of the wrist (or coronal CT). The increased distance indicates scapholunate dissociation (often with rotary subluxation of the scaphoid) due to ligamentous injury. There is no consensus as to what measureme...

Anteater nose sign (foot)

The anteater nose sign refers to an anterior tubular elongation of the superior calcaneus which approaches or overlaps the navicular on a lateral radiograph of the foot. This fancifully resembles the nose of an anteater and is indicative of calcaneonavicular coalition 1,2. History and etymolog...

Cortical rim sign (kidneys)

The cortical rim sign describes the thin, viable rim of subcapsular cortex seen on contrast-enhanced CT or MRI in major renal vascular compromise including: renal artery obstruction from embolism, thrombosis or dissection renal vein thrombosis acute tubular necrosis acute cortical necrosis ...

Striated nephrogram

Striated nephrogram is a descriptive term indicating the appearance of alternating linear bands of high and low attenuation in a radial pattern extending through the corticomedullary layers of the kidney on iodine-based intravenous contrast-enhanced imaging. It is important to know that a simil...

Scottie dog sign (spine)

The Scottie dog sign (often seen spelled Scotty but Scottie is the correct spelling) refers to the normal appearance of the lumbar spine when seen on oblique radiographic projection. On oblique views, the posterior elements of the vertebra form the figure of a Scottie dog with: the transverse p...

Bear paw sign (kidney)

The bear paw sign refers to the cross-sectional appearance of the kidney affected by xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. There is a radial arrangement of multiple, low attenuation rounded spaces representing dilated calyces, surrounded by thin renal parenchyma that has higher attenuation or cont...

Staghorn calculus (kidney)

Staghorn calculi, also sometimes called coral calculi, are renal calculi that obtain their characteristic shape by forming a cast of the renal pelvis and calyces, thus resembling the horns of a stag. They refer to struvite calculi involving the renal pelvis and extending into at least two calyce...

Sigmoid kidney

A sigmoid kidney is an uncommon variant of the horseshoe kidney. Whereas the typical horseshoe kidney is fused only at the lower poles, in a sigmoid kidney both the upper and the lower poles are fused 1.

Phantom calyx

A phantom calyx is a solitary calyx which fails to opacify with contrast amidst an otherwise well-opacified pelvicalyceal system. It is due to an intrarenal process which has infiltrated and caused obliteration of the involved collecting system element. It may be seen in: tumor: especially tra...

Goblet sign (ureter)

The goblet sign, also known as the champagne glass sign, refers to the appearance of the ureter when it is focally dilated by an intraluminal mass. It is best seen when the ureter is opacified by retrograde contrast (retrograde ureterogram). Presence of this sign indicates the pathology to be ch...

Faceless kidney

A faceless kidney refers to one in which the normal appearance of the renal sinus on cross-sectional imaging is absent. It was initially described as a sign of duplication of the collecting system 1 (a slice obtained between the two collecting systems will not demonstrate the normal components o...

Oncocalyx

An oncocalyx is a tumor-filled, distended renal calyx, typically seen in patients with transitional cell carcinomas of the renal pelvis.

Abnormally eccentric gestational sac

An eccentrically-located gestational sac towards the fundus of the uterus is the normal sonographic appearance; however, an abnormally eccentric gestational sac on ultrasound may be apparent due to a number of causes They include interstitial ectopic pregnancy 1 normally implanted pregnancy i...

Convoluted cerebriform pattern

A convoluted cerebriform pattern is a term used to denote the appearance of a sinonasal inverted papilloma on MRI. The appearance is seen on both T2 and post contrast T1 images and appears as alternating roughly parallel lines of high and low signal intensity. This sign has been reported as pre...

Capps triad

Capps triad refers to the constellation of clinical and imaging findings in patients with a spontaneous retropharyngeal hematoma, and consists of: tracheal and esophageal compression anterior displacement of the trachea subcutaneous bruising over the neck and anterior chest History and etymo...

Hide-bound sign (bowel)

The hide-bound bowel sign refers to an appearance on a barium study of the small bowel in patients with scleroderma. The sign describes the narrow separation between the valvulae conniventes which are of normal thickness despite dilatation of the bowel lumen. Although the term hide-bound is u...

Bracket sign (pericallosal lipoma)

The bracket sign refers to a radiographic appearance seen with the tubulonodular variety of pericallosal lipoma. It reflects calcification seen at the periphery of the midline lipoma. It is best seen on coronal imaging and historically was identified on frontal radiographs. It should not be con...

Saber sign (pneumobilia)

The saber sign refers to a pattern of gas distribution seen in supine abdominal radiographs of patients with pneumobilia. A sword-shaped lucency is apparent in the right paraspinal region of the upper abdomen representing arching gas extending from the common bile duct into the left hepatic duc...

Hair on end sign (mnemonic)

The hair on end sign refers to a radiographic appearance of the diploic space of the skull vault which results from a thickening of trabeculae as the diploic space expands. These trabeculae are perpendicular in orientation, interspersed by radiolucent marrow hyperplasia along with skull vault. ...

Seurat spleen

Seurat spleen is an angiographic appearance seen following blunt trauma to the spleen. Multiple small punctate regions of intraparenchymal contrast extravasation lead to a spotted appearance. Pathology Several mechanisms are thought to to attribute to this appearance which include sinusoidal s...

Pseudosubarachnoid hemorrhage

Pseudosubarachnoid hemorrhage describes an apparent increased attenuation within the basal cisterns simulating true subarachnoid hemorrhage. It is usually due to cerebral edema. Pathology Etiology The most common cause is cerebral edema where there is a decrease in parenchymal attenuation and...

Rind sign (bones)

The rind sign is used when a lesion is surrounded by a layer of thick, sclerotic reactive bone (i.e. a rind) and is suggestive of fibrous dysplasia. The classic rind sign is most commonly seen in the proximal femur.

Obliteration of the retrosternal airspace

Obliteration of the retrosternal airspace is seen in any cause of an anterior mediastinal mass.

Bulging fissure sign (lobar consolidation)

The bulging fissure sign refers to lobar consolidation where the affected portion of the lung is expanded, causing displacement of the adjacent fissure. Any type of pneumonia or space-occupying process can lead to bulging (sagging) fissure sign. Classically, it has been described in right upper ...

Galaxy sign (lungs)

The so-called galaxy sign, initially described as the sarcoid galaxy, represents a coalescent granuloma seen in a minority of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis 1. The same appearance can be seen in tuberculosis 2,3. In other words, it represents a mass-like region composed of numerous smaller ...

Mosaic attenuation pattern in lung

Mosaic attenuation is a descriptive term used in describing a patchwork of regions of differing pulmonary attenuation on CT imaging. It is a non-specific finding, although is associated with the following: obstructive small airways disease: low attenuation regions are abnormal and reflect ...

Beak sign (arterial dissection)

The beak sign of arterial dissection is the acute angle formed at the edge of the false lumen in aortic dissection in axial cross-section. It is formed by the borders of the outer aortic wall and the intimal flap, and may be partially thrombosed (blunted beak). It is a reliable characteristic th...

Cobweb sign of arterial dissection

The cobweb sign is seen in cases of arterial dissection (usually aortic dissection) on CT angiogram (CTA) examinations and represents strands or ribbons of media crossing the false lumen, and appearing as thin filiform filling defects. Although it is a specific sign for the false lumen, it is i...

Heel pad sign

Increased heel pad thickness, also known as the heel pad sign, is seen in a number of conditions and relates to an increase in the soft-tissue thickness of the heel pad on lateral ankle radiographs. The heel pad should normally be <25 mm 1,2. However, in certain pathological situations, this ...

Segond fracture

Segond fracture is an avulsion fracture of the knee that involves the lateral aspect of the tibial plateau and is very frequently (~75% of cases) associated with disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). On the frontal knee radiograph, it may be referred to as the lateral capsular sign...

Anterior bronchus sign

The anterior bronchus sign refers to the appearance of the anterior segmental bronchus of the upper lobes as seen on a frontal chest radiograph. Gross anatomy The anterior segment bronchus of the upper lobes courses anteriorly and laterally. When the orientation is predominantly anteriorly the...

Pseudocavitation (lung)

Pseudocavitation has been described as a well-recognized feature of adenocarcinoma in situ, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, and invasive adenocarcinomas of the lung. It refers to the central bubble-like low-density region seen within a pulmonary nodule on CT.

Bronchorrhea

Bronchorrhea is the expectoration of copious amounts of mucus from the lungs. It has been defined as production of more than 100 mL of mucus in 24 hours, which is more than is usually seen in chronic lung disease (e.g. chronic bronchitis typically produces 25 mL/24 hrs) 2. It may be a feature of...

Hairy pleural plaque

Hairy pleural plaques are a manifestation of asbestos-related disease. They arise from the visceral pleura, typically from an interlobar fissure. The hairiness stems from short radially-oriented linear regions of fibrosis extending from the plaque into the adjacent lung parenchyma. Compared to ...

Halo sign (chest)

The halo sign in chest imaging is a feature seen on lung window settings, ground glass opacity surrounding a pulmonary nodule or mass and represents hemorrhage. It is typically seen in angioinvasive aspergillosis. Pathology Histopathologically, it represents a focus of pulmonary infarction sur...

Phemister triad (tuberculosis)

The triad of Phemister refers to three radiographic features seen classically with tuberculous arthropathy 4: juxta-articular osteopenia/osteoporosis peripheral osseous erosions gradual narrowing of joint space History and etymology Named after Dallas Burton Phemister (1882-1951), American ...

Ranke complex (tuberculosis)

Ranke complex is seen in 'healed' primary pulmonary tuberculosis and is a later manifestation of the Ghon complex. It consists of two components: a Ghon lesion that has undergone calcification an ipsilateral calcified mediastinal node It is important to note that a Ranke complex is not specif...

Ghon lesion

A Ghon lesion, sometimes called a Ghon focus, represents a tuberculous caseating granuloma (tuberculoma) and represents a sequela of primary pulmonary tuberculosis infection. Terminology Radiologically, this term is used quite loosely to refer to a calcified granuloma; technically, the Ghon le...

Split pleura sign (empyema)

The split pleura sign is seen with pleural empyemas and is considered the most reliable CT sign helping to distinguish an empyema from a peripheral pulmonary abscess (see empyema vs pulmonary abscess) 1,2. The sign results from fibrin coating both the parietal and visceral surfaces of the pleu...

Tombstone iliac wings

Tombstone iliac wings, also referred to as Mickey Mouse ears pelvis, is an imaging descriptor for the iliac wings of individuals with achondroplasia 1. These are seen to be small and squared and have been likened to the appearance of tombstones or the ears of Mickey Mouse.

Double bubble sign (duodenum)

The double bubble sign is seen in infants and represents dilatation of the proximal duodenum and stomach. It is seen in both radiographs and ultrasound, and can be identified antenatally 2. Pathology Causes include 1,2: congenital obstruction duodenal web duodenal atresia ...

Whirlpool sign (mesentery)

The whirlpool sign of the mesentery, also known as the whirl sign, is seen when the bowel rotates around its mesentery leading to whirls of the mesenteric vessels. Terminology The term whirlpool sign is used in other contexts: see whirlpool sign (disambiguation). Radiographic features It is...

Double density sign (osteoid osteoma)

The double density sign, also sometimes clumsily referred to as the hotter spot within hot area sign, is a bone scan sign of an osteoid osteoma. It refers to a central focus of intense uptake (the nidus) within a surrounding lower, but nonetheless increased uptake, rim. See also double densit...

Bone within a bone appearance

Bone within a bone is a descriptive term applied to bones that appear to have another bone within them. There are numerous causes including: normal thoracic and lumbar vertebrae (neonates and infants) growth recovery lines (after infancy) cortical splitting and new periostitis sickle cell d...

Bat wing 4th ventricle

Bat wing 4th ventricle sign refers to the morphology of the fourth ventricle in the Joubert anomaly and related syndromes. The absence of a vermis with apposed cerebellar hemispheres gives the fourth ventricle an appearance reminiscent of a bat with its wings outstretched. It is best demonstrat...

Molar tooth sign (CNS)

The molar tooth sign refers to the appearance of the midbrain in an axial section in which the elongated superior cerebellar peduncles give the midbrain an appearance reminiscent of a molar or wisdom tooth. It was initially described in Joubert syndrome and related disorders (JSRD) 2 but is now...

Harrison sulcus

The Harrison sulcus or Harrison groove refers to a groove at the lower end of the rib cage seen in young children/infants with abnormally weak bones (e.g. rickets) or chronic respiratory disease (e.g. severe asthma). The lower chest is drawn in with flaring of the rib margin. The exact cause is ...

Rachitic rosary

Rachitic rosary refers to expansion of the anterior rib ends at the costochondral junctions and is most frequently seen in rickets as nodularity at the costochondral junctions. Differential diagnosis Other causes of this appearance include: scurvy the costochondral junction is more a...

Shoulder sign (pyloric stenosis)

The shoulder sign of pyloric stenosis is seen during barium examination and refers to the bulging of the hypertrophied pyloric muscle into the lumen of the antrum. It is closely related to the cervix sign (pyloric stenosis). See also cervix sign (pyloric stenosis) target sign (pyloric steno...

Morning glory syndrome (eye)

Morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA), also known as morning glory syndrome, is a rare congenital malformation of the optic nerve which is frequently associated with midline abnormalities of the brain and skull 1. Epidemiology Morning glory disc anomaly is rare and is more commonly found in female...

Pseudocalculus sign (common bile duct)

The pseudocalculus sign is a term coined to describe a mimic of a distally impacted common bile duct (CBD) stone on ERCP, MRCP and the various forms of cholangiography, including T-tube, CT, intraoperative, and percutaneous 1. It results from the forceful contraction of the choledochal sphincte...

Target sign (choledocholithiasis)

The target sign of choledocholithiasis is a finding seen on contrast-enhanced CT and comprises: central density within the bile duct: stone surrounding low density: bile or mucosa

Arcuate sign (knee)

The arcuate sign is often a subtle but important finding on knee x-rays and represents an avulsion fracture of the proximal fibula at the site of insertion of the arcuate ligament complex, and is usually associated with cruciate ligament injury (~90% of cases) 2. The fracture fragment is attache...

Pearl necklace sign

The pearl necklace sign occurs in adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder, on both oral cholecystograms and MRCP. It represents the contrast/fluid-filled intramural mucosal diverticula (Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses); lined up, these are reminiscent of pearls on a necklace. It is synonymous with the CT ...

Tuberculous dactylitis

Tuberculous dactylitis, also known as spina ventosa, is a rare skeletal manifestation of tuberculosis where the short tubular bones (i.e. phalanges, metacarpals, metatarsals) are affected. Epidemiology Tuberculous osteitis is one of the commonest bacterial osteitides. Typically the dactylitis ...

Button sequestrum

A button sequestrum is a small sequestrum of devascularised bone surrounded by lucency. Although classically described in osteomyelitis and eosinophilic granuloma it is also occasionally seen in fibrosarcoma and lymphoma. Differential diagnoses osteoid osteoma tuberculous osteomyelitis radi...

J sign (shoulder)

The J sign refers to the appearance of the inferior glenohumeral ligament in the presence of humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (HAGL lesion) as well as in the less common glenoid avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (GAGL lesion). Radiographic features MRI The normal U-shaped inf...

FBI sign (lipohemarthrosis)

The FBI sign is an acronym referring to the components that form a lipohemarthrosis. It stands for: fat blood interface

Cottage loaf sign (liver)

The cottage loaf sign occurs as a result of a right-sided diaphragmatic rupture with partial herniation of the liver through the diaphragmatic defect. The herniated component is separated by a waist at the diaphragm from the larger intra-abdominal component. This shape is reminiscent of a cottag...

Vertebra plana

Vertebra plana (plural: vertebrae planae), also known as the pancake, silver dollar or coin-on-edge vertebra, is the term given when a vertebral body has lost almost its entire height anteriorly and posteriorly, representing a very advanced compression fracture. Pathology It can occur in a var...

Pseudodysraphism

A pseudodysraphism refers to the splayed appearance of a normal spine created due to excessive craniocaudal angulation during sonographic evaluation. This can erroneously lead to the diagnosis of a spinal neural tube defect.

Double bleb sign

A double bleb sign is a sonographic feature where there is visualization of a gestational sac containing a yolk sac and amniotic sac giving an appearance of two small bubbles 2. The embryonic disc is located between the two bubbles. It is an important feature of an intrauterine pregnancy and thu...

Intradecidual sac sign

Intradecidual sac sign (IDSS) is a useful feature in identifying an early intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) as early as 25 days of gestation1. The threshold level (earliest one can see the sign) is 24 days of gestation and the discriminatory level (one should always see the sac) is 47 days. As per th...

Accordion sign (colon)

The accordion sign (also known as concertina sign) is seen on CT of the abdomen and refers to the similarity between the thickened edematous wall of pseudomembranous colitis and the folds of an accordion. This appearance is the result of hyperemic enhancing mucosa stretched over markedly thicken...

Crescent sign (osteonecrosis)

The crescent sign refers to a linear cleft due to a subchondral fracture in the setting of osteonecrosis. It was originally described as a radiographic finding, however, it can also be seen on cross-sectional imaging. In the setting of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, it heralds the beginning of th...

Fragment-in-notch sign (knee)

The fragment-in-notch sign is closely related to, can be thought of as a failed, double PCL sign, in so far as it represents a meniscal fragment lying in the intercondylar notch, but not paralleling the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). Although both signs are most frequently seen in the sett...

Absent bow tie sign (knee)

The absent bow tie sign represents the loss of the normal appearance of the menisci on parasagittal MRI images and is suggestive of meniscal injury. Normally the medial and lateral menisci appear as low signal triangular structures linked by a thin body located between the femoral condyles and ...

Howship-Romberg sign

The Howship-Romberg sign refers to obturator nerve neuropathy due to compression of the obturator nerve by an obturator hernia. Patients present with pain and paresthesia along the inner aspect of the thigh, down to the knee. History and etymology Named after Moritz Heinrich Romberg (1795-1873...

Brudzinski sign (meningism)

Brudzinski sign occurs in meningitis (of any etiology) or meningism where passive flexion of a patient's neck elicits reflexive bilateral knee and hip flexion; it was originally known as the "nape of the neck sign" and was one of several physical exam maneuvers concurrently described to be chara...

Ballet sign (eyeball)

The ballet sign refers to the paralysis of voluntary movements of the eyeball with preservation of the automatic movements. Sometimes this sign is present with exophthalmic goiter and hysteria.

Pellegrini-Stieda lesion

Pellegrini-Stieda lesions are ossified post-traumatic lesions at (or near) the medial femoral collateral ligament adjacent to the margin of the medial femoral condyle. One presumed mechanism of injury is a Stieda fracture (avulsion injury of the medial collateral ligament at the medial femoral c...

Raccoon eyes sign (base of skull fracture)

Raccoon eyes sign (or panda eyes in the UK and Ireland) refers to periorbital ecchymosis with sparing of the tarsal plate 3 and is a physical examination finding indicative of a base of skull fracture of the anterior cranial fossa. However it is not pathognomonic for trauma, and there are sever...

Sitting duck appearance (jugular foramen)

The sitting duck appearance denotes the normal anatomical configuration of the jugular foramen: the head of the duck (pointing backwards on the right side) represents the anteromedial pars nervosa the body of the duck representing the pars vascularis

Rigler triad (gallstone ileus)

Rigler triad consists of three findings seen in gallstone ileus: pneumobilia small bowel obstruction ectopic calcified gallstone, usually in the right iliac fossa History and etymology It is named after Leo George Rigler, American radiologist (1896-1979) 1. Practical points Rigler triad s...

Target sign (disambiguation)

There are many bull's eye signs, many also called target signs: Gastrointestinal intussusception: see target sign of intussusception barium studies 2 aphthoid ulcers: earliest lesion seen in Crohn disease gastric lymphoma with central ulceration 4 gastric adenocarcinoma with central ulcer...

Football sign (pneumoperitoneum)

The football sign is seen in cases of massive pneumoperitoneum, where the abdominal cavity is outlined by gas from a perforated viscus. The median umbilical ligament and falciform ligament are sometimes included in the description of this sign, as representing the sutures. Which football is use...

Ice cream cone sign (vestibular schwannoma)

The ice cream cone sign refers to the appearance of a medium-sized (1.5 to 3.0 cm) vestibular schwannoma. The intracanalicular component represents the cone and the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) (cisternal) component representing the ice cream ball. See also ice cream cone sign (middle ear ossi...

Fistula test

The fistula test is used when examining a patient with recurrent vertigo. A finger is abruptly applied to the external meatus which causes a pulse of air-transmitted pressure. If nystagmus is induced in association with vertigo, it indicates bony destruction within the inner ear e.g. cholesteat...

Tullio phenomenon

The Tullio phenomenon describes the precipitation of vertigo and nystagmus by a loud noise. Pathology Etiology The tympanic membrane and ossicular chain must be intact with a mobile footplate. It may be seen in several situations: Ménière disease superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndr...

Perilymphatic fistula

A perilymphatic fistula (also known as a labyrinthine fistula) is a pathologic communication between the fluid-filled space of the inner ear and the air-filled space of the middle ear, most commonly occurring at either the round or oval window. Clinical presentation Symptoms of perilymphatic ...

Hennebert sign (inner ear)

The Hennebert sign describes a positive fistula test without clinical evidence of middle ear or mastoid disease. It is associated with congenital syphilis and may also be present in Ménière disease. It has been postulated that the vestibular stimulation is mediated by fibrous bands between foot...

Guttman test (larynx)

The Guttman test is a clinical test relating to the function of the larynx. In normal subjects, frontal pressure on the thyroid cartilage lowers the tone of voice produced and lateral pressure produces a higher tone of voice. The opposite is true with paralysis of the cricothyroid muscle.

Backwash ileitis

Backwash ileitis is seen in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), where the entire colon is involved. In such cases the terminal ileum is edematous. Backwash ileitis extends contiguously backward from the cecum without skip regions. One source estimates it to occur in 6% of patients with UC, a...

Panda sign (disambiguation)

The humble panda has a few signs to its name: panda sign of the midbrain double panda sign panda sign of sarcoidosis panda eyes (base of skull fracture) See also animal and animal produce inspired signs

Filtered (1)Done (clear)

+Systems

×Article Sections

+Sort By

ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads

Updating… Please wait.

Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.

Thank you for updating your details.