Semicircular canals
Dr Ali Basim et al.
The semicircular canals are components of the bony labyrinth along with the cochlea and vestibule.
Gross anatomy
There are three semicircular canals on each side:
- superior semicircular canal: vertical plane
- posterior semicircular canal: vertical plane
- lateral semicircular canal: 30 degrees to the horizontal
The semicircular canals are interconnected tubes, each forms two-thirds of a circle and located in three planes perpendicular (at right angles) to each other.
The arcuate eminence, which is located at the anterior surface of the petrous temporal bone (PTB), indicates the location of the superior semicircular canal.
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Head and neck anatomy
- skeleton of the head and neck
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cranial vault
- scalp (mnemonic)
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sutures
- calvarial
- facial
- frontozygomatic suture
- frontomaxillary suture
- frontolacrimal suture
- frontonasal suture
- temporozygomatic suture
- zygomaticomaxillary suture
- parietotemporal suture (parietomastoid suture)
- occipitotemporal suture (occipitomastoid suture)
- sphenofrontal suture
- sphenozygomatic suture
- spheno-occipital suture
- lacrimomaxillary suture
- nasomaxillary suture
- internasal suture
- basal / internal
- skull landmarks
- frontal bone
- temporal bone
- parietal bone
- occipital bone
- skull base (foramina)
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facial bones
- midline single bones
- paired bilateral bones
- cervical spine
- hyoid bone
- laryngeal cartilages
-
cranial vault
- muscles of the head and neck
- muscles of the tongue (mnemonic)
- muscles of mastication
- facial muscles
- muscles of the middle ear
- orbital muscles
- muscles of the soft palate
- pharyngeal muscles
- suprahyoid muscles
- infrahyoid muscles
- intrinsic muscles of the larynx
- muscles of the neck
- platysma
- longus colli muscle
- longus capitis muscle
- scalenus anterior muscle
- scalenus medius muscle
- scalenus posterior muscle
- scalenus pleuralis muscle
- sternocleidomastoid
-
suboccipital muscles
- rectus capitis posterior major muscle
- rectus capitis posterior minor muscle
- obliquus capitis superior muscle
- obliquus capitis inferior muscle
-
deep spaces of the neck
- infratemporal fossa
- pterygopalatine fossa
- visceral space
- suprasternal space (of Burns)
- retropharyngeal space
- perivertebral space
- parotid space
- parapharyngeal space
- pharyngeal (superficial) mucosal space
- masticator space
- deep cervical fascia
- danger space
- carotid sheath
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- buccal space
- anterior cervical space
- surgical triangles of the neck
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orbit
- bony orbit
- orbital spaces
- orbital septum
- eye movements
- orbital blood supply
- orbital nerve supply
- lacrimal apparatus
- ear
- paranasal sinuses
- nasal cavity
- oral cavity
- pharynx
- larynx
- viscera of the neck
- blood supply of the head and neck
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arterial supply
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common carotid artery
- carotid body
- carotid bifurcation
- subclavian artery
- variants
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common carotid artery
- venous drainage
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arterial supply
- innervation of the head and neck
-
cranial nerves
- olfactory nerve (CN I)
- optic nerve (CN II)
- oculomotor nerve (CN III)
- trochlear nerve (CN IV)
-
trigeminal nerve (mnemonic) (CN V)
- ophthalmic division
- maxillary division
- mandibular division
- abducens nerve (CN VI)
- facial nerve (CN VII)
- vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
- glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
- vagus nerve (CN X)
- (spinal) accessory nerve (CN XI)
- hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
- parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck
- greater occipital nerve
-
cervical plexus
- muscular branches
- longus capitis
- longus colli
- scalenes
- geniohyoid
- thyrohyoid
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ansa cervicalis
- omohyoid (superior and inferior bellies separately)
- sternothyroid
- sternohyoid
- phrenic nerve
- contribution to the accessory nerve (CN XI)
- cutaneous branches
- muscular branches
- brachial plexus
- pharyngeal plexus
-
cranial nerves
- lymphatic drainage of the head and neck
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