Citation, DOI & article data
Citation:
Wahba M, Nicoletti D, Yap J, et al. Sjögren syndrome. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 09 Feb 2023) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-6885
Sjögren syndrome, or Sjögren disease, is an autoimmune condition of the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva.
Sjögren syndrome is the second most common autoimmune disorder after rheumatoid arthritis. There is a recognized female predilection with F:M ratio of ~9:1. Patients typically present around the 4th to 5th decades.
Associations
Approximately 40% of cases occur in isolation. Known associations include:
Clinically, the cardinal features are glandular:
Additionally, there may be multiorgan extraglandular involvement, which can have a wide variety of clinical features.
It is a chronic autoimmune disorder involving mainly the salivary and lacrimal glands and is associated with hyperactivity of the B-lymphocytes and with autoantibody and immune complex production.
Markers
- anti-Ro (SSA) antibody
- anti-La (SSB) antibody
Ultrasound
Salivary glands
- early stage: the gland can be normal or become enlarged and hyperechoic 5
- late-stage: may characteristically show a multicystic or reticular pattern within an atrophic gland 5
MRI
Salivary glands
Parotid gland involvement may give a salt and pepper appearance or a honeycomb appearance. A change in the size of the lacrimal glands associated with accelerated fat deposition may also be seen 3.
Treatment and prognosis
Complications
One of the complications of this syndrome is the development of non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma, typically mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 17.
History and etymology
This condition is named after Swedish ophthalmologist Henrik Sjögren (1899-1986), although it was first described by W B Hadden and J W Hutchinson in 1871 13.
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