Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Smith H, Bell D, Knipe H, et al. Smoldering multiple myeloma. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 24 Apr 2024) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-60252
Smoldering multiple myeloma is a premalignant stage between monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma.
Similar to MGUS patients, smoldering multiple myeloma patients are asymptomatic.
Diagnostic criteria
The criteria for smoldering multiple myeloma diagnosis according to the International Myeloma Working Group include 1,3,4:
- serum M-protein ≥3 g/dL or urinary monoclonal protein ≥500 mg per 24 hours and/or clonal plasma cell population present in the bone marrow (10-60% cellularity)
- as well as the absence of a 'myeloma-defining event' (e.g. hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, lytic bone lesions, anemia) or amyloidosis
MRI
MRI is of prognostic importance in smoldering multiple myeloma 2. 50% of patients with smoldering multiple myeloma have abnormal bone marrow on MRI ranging from focal to diffuse changes 2. Patients with marrow changes on MRI have a much shorter time to progression than those without 2.
Treatment and prognosis
On average 10% of smoldering multiple myeloma patients per year will develop active multiple myeloma 3,5.
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