Supernumerary kidney
Citation, DOI & article data
- Accessory kidneys
- Supernumerary kidneys
- Accessory kidney
- Supernumerary kidney
Supernumerary kidneys, also known as accessory kidneys, are a rare congenital anomaly of the urogenital system, where there are one or two additional kidneys.
On this page:
Epidemiology
Less than 100 cases have been documented in the medical literature.
Associations
Many conditions have been found to be associated with supernumerary kidneys including:
- urogenital
- others
Clinical presentation
Patients may be asymptomatic. If present, symptoms may encompass fever, pain and an abdominal mass. These symptoms are mostly due to related renal pathologies such as hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis, malignant tumors or calculi.
Radiographic features
Most of the supernumerary kidneys are on the left and usually caudal to the native kidney. Mostly the accessory kidney is smaller in size with reduced excretion. The evaluation may be done by ultrasound, IVU, CT, MRI and nuclear medicine studies like DMSA and DTPA scans. Ultrasound is useful in morphological characterization whilst the rest may aid in the functional assessment too.
Treatment and prognosis
Management is symptom-based. For asymptomatic patients, regular ultrasound follow-ups and USG with excretory function assessment is suggested if the patient is symptomatic.
Differential diagnosis
References
- 1. Luciano A. Favorito, Ana Raquel M. Morais. Evaluation of supernumerary kidney with fusion using magnetic resonance image. IBJU Vol. 38 (3): 428-429; May - June, 2012 [PMID: 22765860 ]
- 2. Kusuma V, Hemalata M, Suguna BV. Ectopic supernumerary kidney presenting as inguinal hernia. J. Clin. Pathol. 2005;58 (4): 446. Free text at pubmed - Pubmed citation
- 3. Conrad GR, Loes DJ, Franken EA. General case of the day. Ectopic supernumerary kidney. Radiographics. 1988;7 (4): 815-7. Pubmed citation
- 4. Carson WJ. Supernumerary Kidney. (1934) Annals of surgery. 99 (5): 796-8. doi:10.1097/00000658-193405000-00006 - Pubmed
- 5. Stevens WE. KIDNEY ANOMALIES: REPORT OF A CASE OF BILATERAL FUSION OF A SUPERNUMERARY KIDNEY. Cal West Med. 2008;23 (3): 294-8. Free text at pubmed - Pubmed citation
- 6. Oto A, Kerimoğlu U, Eskiçorapçi S et-al. Bilateral supernumerary kidney: imaging findings. JBR-BTR. 2003;85 (6): 300-3. Pubmed citation
- 7. Mustafa M. Bilateral supernumerary kidneys in conjunction with horseshoe anomaly. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2013;23 (6): 1243-5. Pubmed citation
- 8. Mills WM. A Case of Supernumerary Kidney. (1912) Journal of anatomy and physiology. 46 (Pt 3): 313-8. Pubmed
- 9. Cobb F, Giddings HG. VII. Supernumerary Kidney Subject of Cystadenoma: Report of a Case Verified by Operation. (1911) Annals of surgery. 53 (3): 367-72. doi:10.1097/00000658-191103000-00007 - Pubmed
- 10. Afrouzian M, Sonstein J, Dadfarnia T, Sreshta J, Hawkins H. Four Miniature Kidneys: Supernumerary Kidney and Multiple Organ System Anomalies. Hum Pathol. 2014;45(5):1100-4. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2013.11.015
Related articles: Anatomy: Abdominopelvic
- skeleton of the abdomen and pelvis
- muscles of the abdomen and pelvis
- spaces of the abdomen and pelvis
- anterior abdominal wall
- posterior abdominal wall
- abdominal cavity
- pelvic cavity
- perineum
- abdominal and pelvic viscera
- gastrointestinal tract
- spleen
- hepatobiliary system
-
endocrine system
-
adrenal gland
- adrenal vessels
- chromaffin cells
- variants
- pancreas
- organs of Zuckerkandl
-
adrenal gland
-
urinary system
-
kidney
- renal pelvis
- renal sinus
- avascular plane of Brodel
-
variants
- number
- fusion
- location
- shape
- ureter
- urinary bladder
- urethra
- embryology
-
kidney
- male reproductive system
-
female reproductive system
- vulva
- vagina
- uterus
- adnexa
- Fallopian tubes
- ovaries
- broad ligament (mnemonic)
- variant anatomy
- embryology
- blood supply of the abdomen and pelvis
- arteries
-
abdominal aorta
- inferior phrenic artery
- celiac artery
- superior mesenteric artery
- middle suprarenal artery
- renal artery (variant anatomy)
- gonadal artery (ovarian artery | testicular artery)
- inferior mesenteric artery
- lumbar arteries
- median sacral artery
-
common iliac artery
- external iliac artery
-
internal iliac artery (mnemonic)
- anterior division
- umbilical artery
- superior vesical artery
- obturator artery
- vaginal artery
- inferior vesical artery
- uterine artery
- middle rectal artery
-
internal pudendal artery
- inferior rectal artery
-
perineal artery
- posterior scrotal artery
- transverse perineal artery
- artery to the bulb
- deep artery of the penis/clitoris
- dorsal artery of the penis/clitoris
- inferior gluteal artery
- posterior division (mnemonic)
- variant anatomy
- anterior division
-
abdominal aorta
- portal venous system
- veins
- anastomoses
- arterioarterial anastomoses
- portal-systemic venous collateral pathways
- watershed areas
- arteries
- lymphatics
- innervation of the abdomen and pelvis
- lumbar plexus
-
sacral plexus
- lumbosacral trunk
- sciatic nerve
- superior gluteal nerve
- inferior gluteal nerve
- nerve to piriformis
- perforating cutaneous nerve
- posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
- parasympathetic pelvic splanchnic nerves
- pudendal nerve
- nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus muscles
- nerve to internal obturator and superior gemellus muscles
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.