Supernumerary ribs
Last revised by Daniel J Bell ◉ on 28 Jun 2021
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Morgan M, Bell D, Qaqish N, et al. Supernumerary ribs. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 04 Oct 2023) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-33797
rID:
33797
Article created:
24 Jan 2015, Matt A. Morgan ◉
Disclosures:
At the time the article was created Matt A. Morgan had no recorded disclosures.
View Matt A. Morgan's current disclosuresLast revised:
28 Jun 2021, Daniel J Bell ◉
Disclosures:
At the time the article was last revised Daniel J Bell had no recorded disclosures.
View Daniel J Bell's current disclosuresRevisions:
11 times, by 5 contributors - see full revision history and disclosures
Systems:
Synonyms:
- Supernumerary rib
- Extra ribs
- Extra rib
- Supernumerary ribs (differential)
- Additional ribs
Supernumerary ribs occur most commonly as a cervical rib arising from C7 or a lumbar rib arising from L1. In extremely rare situations, there can be sacral, coccygeal, intrathoracic, or aberrant lumbar ribs 3. Rarely supernumerary ribs (cervical and lumbar ribs aside) have been found as 'normal' anatomic variants, without evidence of any clinical sequelae.
Epidemiology
Associations
- Turner syndrome
- cleidocranial dysplasia
- Aarskog syndrome
- trisomy 8 syndrome
- incontinentia pigmenti
- fifteen thoracic vertebrae, each with a pair of ribs: isolated case report 5
Supernumerary ribs have been used as a marker for developmental toxicity bioassays in test animals 2.
References
- 1. Taybi H, Lachman R. Radiology of syndromes, metabolic disorders, and skeletal dysplasias. Mosby. ISBN:0815187092. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon
- 2. Chernoff N, Rogers JM. Supernumerary ribs in developmental toxicity bioassays and in human populations: incidence and biological significance. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2004;7 (6): 437-49. doi:10.1080/10937400490512447 - Pubmed citation
- 3. Foley WJ, Whitehouse WM. Supernumerary thoracic ribs. Radiology. 1969;93 (6): 1333-4. doi:10.1148/93.6.1333 - Pubmed citation
- 4. Glass RB, Norton KI, Mitre SA, Kang E. Pediatric ribs: a spectrum of abnormalities. (2002) Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. 22 (1): 87-104. doi:10.1148/radiographics.22.1.g02ja1287 - Pubmed
- 5. Melhem RE, Fahl M. Fifteen dorsal vertebrae and rib pairs in two siblings. (1985) Pediatric radiology. 15 (1): 61-2. Pubmed
Related articles: Anatomy: Thoracic
- thoracic skeleton
- thoracic cage
- thoracic spine
- articulations
- muscles of the thorax
- diaphragm
- intercostal space
- intercostal muscles
- variant anatomy
- spaces of the thorax
- thoracic viscera
- lower respiratory tract
-
heart
- cardiac chambers
- heart valves
- cardiac fibrous skeleton
- innervation of the heart
- development of the heart
- cardiac wall
-
pericardium
- epicardium
- epicardial fat pad
- pericardial space
- oblique pericardial sinus
- transverse pericardial sinus
-
pericardial recesses
- aortic recesses
- pulmonic recesses
- postcaval recess
- pulmonary venous recesses
- pericardial ligaments
- myocardium
- endocardium
-
pericardium
- esophagus
- thymus
- breast
- arterial supply of the thorax
-
thoracic aorta (development)
-
ascending aorta
-
aortic root
- aortic annulus
-
coronary arteries
- coronary arterial dominance
- myocardial segments
-
left main coronary artery (LMCA)
- ramus intermedius artery (RI)
-
circumflex artery (LCx)
- obtuse marginal branches (OM1, OM2, etc))
- Kugel's artery
-
left anterior descending artery (LAD)
- diagonal branches (D1, D2, etc)
- septal perforators (S1, S2, etc)
-
right coronary artery (RCA)
- conus artery
- sinoatrial nodal artery
- acute marginal branches (AM1, AM2, etc)
- inferior interventricular artery (PDA)
- posterior left ventricular artery (PLV)
- congenital anomalies
- sinotubular junction
-
aortic root
- aortic arch
- aortic isthmus
- descending aorta
-
ascending aorta
- pulmonary trunk
-
thoracic aorta (development)
- venous drainage of the thorax
- superior vena cava (SVC)
- inferior vena cava (IVC)
-
coronary veins
-
cardiac veins which drain into the coronary sinus
- great cardiac vein
- middle cardiac vein
- small cardiac vein
- posterior vein of the left ventricle
- vein of Marshall (oblique vein of the left atrium)
- anterior cardiac veins
- venae cordis minimae (smallest cardiac veins or thebesian veins)
-
cardiac veins which drain into the coronary sinus
- pulmonary veins
- bronchial veins
- thoracoepigastric vein
- lymphatics of the thorax
- innervation of the thorax
