Therapy-related myeloid leukaemias, also referred to as therapy-related myeloid neoplasms, occur as a late complication after cytotoxic therapies (e.g. chemotherapy, immunosuppressive therapy, and radiation therapy) performed to treat other conditions. They represent haematological malignancies where a causal relationship has been implied, and have been recognised as distinct entities by the WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues.
They include:
- therapy-related acute myeloid leukaemia (t-AML)
- therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS)
- therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasms (t-MDS/MPN)
They are known to have poor outcomes compared to the de novo cases of these entities. For further discussion, please refer to the main articles of each myeloid neoplasm.
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