Thyroid inferno

Last revised by Mostafa Elfeky on 9 Nov 2023

Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data

Citation:

Gaillard F, Elfeky M, Knipe H, et al. Thyroid inferno. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 24 Apr 2024) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-10872

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-10872

Permalink:

https://radiopaedia.org/articles/10872

rID:

10872

Article created:

28 Sep 2010, Frank Gaillard ◉ ◈

Disclosures:

At the time the article was created Frank Gaillard had no recorded disclosures.

View Frank Gaillard's current disclosures

Last revised:

9 Nov 2023, Mostafa Elfeky ◉

Disclosures:

At the time the article was last revised Mostafa Elfeky had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose.

View Mostafa Elfeky's current disclosures

Revisions:

17 times, by 10 contributors - see full revision history and disclosures

Systems:

Head & Neck

Sections:

Signs

Tags:

thyroid gland, endocrine

Synonyms:

Thyroid inferno appearance

Thyroid inferno refers to the colour Doppler appearance of the thyroid gland in active Graves disease (inclusive of variants such as Marine-Lenhart syndrome) and consists of multiple small areas of colour flow seen diffusely throughout the gland representing increased vascularity and arteriovenous shunting.

Terminology

Thyroid inferno should not be confused with a thyroid storm (a.k.a. hyperthyroid crisis) which refers to an extreme thyrotoxic clinical presentation.

Differential diagnosis

It should be kept in mind that usually in cases of Hashimoto thyroiditis colour Doppler study shows normal or decreased flow but occasionally there might be hypervascularity similar to a thyroid inferno ¹. The hypervascularity in Hashimoto thyroiditis does not reflect thyrotoxicosis. Increased colour Doppler also appears to be common in hypothyroid patients ^2,3.

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