Thyroid malignancies
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
At the time the article was created Yuranga Weerakkody had no recorded disclosures.
View Yuranga Weerakkody's current disclosuresAt the time the article was last revised Joachim Feger had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose.
View Joachim Feger's current disclosures- Thyroid carcinoma
- Thyroid malignancy
- Thyroid carcinomas
- Thyroid cancers
- Thyroid cancer
Thyroid malignancies are most commonly primary thyroid cancers but can rarely be metastatic deposits.
Epidemiology
Risk factors
head and neck irradiation (see radiation-induced thyroid cancer)
family history of thyroid cancer
age <30 or >60 years
male
>2 cm
Pathology
Classification
Thyroid malignancies can be categorized into the following key subtypes:
-
primary thyroid cancers
papillary thyroid carcinoma: 60-80% of carcinomas
follicular thyroid carcinoma: 10-20%
anaplastic thyroid carcinoma : 1-2%
poorly differentiated carcinoma: 5% 5
-
thyroid lymphoma: ~2.5%
secondary thyroid involvement with lymphoma
-
squamous cell carcinoma (rare) 4
primary
-
secondary
direct invasion from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
metastatic disease
Staging
For primary thyroid tumors see: staging of thyroid cancer.
References
- 1. Hoang J, Lee W, Lee M, Johnson D, Farrell S. US Features of Thyroid Malignancy: Pearls and Pitfalls. Radiographics. 2007;27(3):847-60; discussion 861-5. doi:10.1148/rg.273065038 - Pubmed
- 2. King A. Imaging for Staging and Management of Thyroid Cancer. Cancer Imaging. 2008;8(1):57-69. doi:10.1102/1470-7330.2008.0007 - Pubmed
- 3. Lee S, Shin J, Han B, Ko E. Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Comparison with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Application of Current Sonographic Criteria. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010;194(4):1090-4. doi:10.2214/AJR.09.3276 - Pubmed
- 4. Kleer C, Giordano T, Merino M. Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid: An Aggressive Tumor Associated with Tall Cell Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Mod Pathol. 2000;13(7):742-6. doi:10.1038/modpathol.3880129 - Pubmed
- 5. Teri A. Longacre. Mills and Sternberg's Diagnostic Surgical Pathology. (2021) ISBN: 9781975150723 - Google Books
Incoming Links
- Miliary lung nodules (mnemonic)
- Thyroid nodules in paediatric patients
- Papillary thyroid cancer
- Graves disease
- Brain metastases
- Haemorrhagic intracranial metastases (mnemonic)
- Lymphangitic carcinomatosis (mnemonic)
- Hürthle cell thyroid carcinoma
- Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation
- Iodine-131
- Iodine
- Visceral space
- Radiation-induced thyroid cancer
- Calcified mediastinal lymph nodes (differential)
- BRAF
- Lymphangitic carcinomatosis
- Mediastinal lymph node enlargement
- Marine-Lenhart syndrome
- Right paratracheal stripe
- DICER1 syndrome
- Large skull metastases: primary follicular thyroid carcinoma
- Medullary thyroid carcinoma
- Cold nodule on thyroid scintigraphy
- Primary thyroid lymphoma
- Thyroid lymphoma
- Invasive thyroid carcinoma
- Gossypiboma - neck
- Toxic multinodular goitre
- Miliary nodules from thyroid cancer metastases
- Skeletal metastasis of thyroid cancer
- Medullary thyroid carcinoma with nodal metastases
- Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
- Osteolytic bone metastases
- US-guided thyroid nodule FNA
- Thyroid bed haematoma
- Cystic thyroid carcinoma (superior mediastinal mass)
- Medullary thyroid carcinoma with metastases
- Prostatic utricle cyst (on MRI)
- Microlobulated margin of thyroid nodule: metastasis to thyroid
- Pulmonary metastases (thyroid cancer)
Related articles: Pathology: Thyroid and Parathyroid
-
thyroid
- thyroid inflammatory disease
- thyroid neoplasm
- thyroid nodules
- metabolic
- developmental
- gamuts
- approach
- assessment of thyroid lesions
- postoperative assessment after thyroid cancer surgery
- ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of the thyroid
- parathyroid
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