Transitional cell carcinomas of the urothelium are graded histologically as follows:
-
benign tumor, not a carcinoma but sometimes included in classification systems
-
carcinoma in situ
do not penetrate the basement membrane
cells resemble those of grade II or III tumors
grade I: low grade, rarely invade deeply or metastasize
grade II: intermediate grade
grade III: high grade, aggressively invasive with early metastases
It is important to note that grade is not as important in establishing prognosis as is stage 2.
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