Transitional cell carcinomas of the urothelium are graded histologically as follows:
-
transitional cell papilloma
- benign tumor, not a carcinoma but sometimes included in classification systems
- carcinoma in situ
- do not penetrate the basement membrane
- cells resemble those of grade II or III tumors
- grade I: low grade, rarely invade deeply or metastasize
- grade II: intermediate grade
- grade III: high grade, aggressively invasive with early metastases
It is important to note that grade is not as important in establishing prognosis as is stage 2.
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.