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Ryu Y, Bell D, Yap J, et al. Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (staging). Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 02 Jun 2023) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-7125
Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder staging uses the TNM system which has replaced the previously widely used Jewett-Strong-Marshall tumor staging system . It is very similar to the staging of TCC of the renal pelvis and staging of TCC of the ureter .
TNM staging (8th edition) T
Ta: non-invasive papillary tumor
Tis: in situ (non-invasive flat)
T1: through lamina propria into sub-epithelial connective tissues
T2: into muscularis propria
T3: invasion into perivesical tissues
T4: direct invasion into adjacent structures
T4a: prostate, seminal vesicles, uterus, vaginal vault
T4b: pelvic side wall and/or abdominal wall
N
N0: no nodal involvement
N1: single node in the true pelvis (hypogastric, obturator, external iliac or presacral nodes)
N2: multiple nodes in the true pelvis
N3: metastasis in a common iliac node
M Staging groups Individual TNM stages can then be grouped 3,4 :
stage 0: Ta or Tis, N0, M0
stage I: T1, N0, M0
stage II: T2 (a or b), N0, M0
stage III: T3 (a or b) or T4a, N0, M0
stage IV
T4b, any N, any M
Any T, N1-3, any M
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