Citation, DOI & article data
Citation:
Ryu, Y., Hagir, M. Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (staging). Reference article, Radiopaedia.org. (accessed on 28 May 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-7125
Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder staging uses the TNM system which has replaced the previously widely used Jewett-Scott-Marshall tumor staging system. It is very similar to the staging of TCC of the renal pelvis and staging of TCC of the ureter.
TNM staging (8th edition)
T
-
Ta: non-invasive papillary tumor
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Tis: in situ (non-invasive flat)
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T1: through lamina propria into sub-epithelial connective tissues
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T2: into muscularis propria
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T2a: only invades inner half of the muscle
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T2b: invades into outer half of the muscle
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T3: invasion into perivesical tissues
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T3a: microscopic extravesical invasion
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T3b: macroscopic extravesical invasion
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T4: direct invasion into adjacent structures
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T4a: prostate, seminal vesicles, uterus, vaginal vault
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T4b: pelvic side wall and/or abdominal wall
N
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N0: no nodal involvement
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N1: single node in the true pelvis (hypogastric, obturator, external iliac or presacral nodes)
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N2: multiple nodes in the true pelvis
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N3: metastasis in a common iliac node
M
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M0: no metastases
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M1a: Non-regional lymph node involvement
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M1b: Other distant metastasis
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Staging groups
Individual TNM stages can then be grouped 3,4:
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stage 0: Ta or Tis, N0, M0
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stage I: T1, N0, M0
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stage II: T2(a or b), N0, M0
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stage III: T3(a or b) or T4a, N0, M0
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stage IV
- T4b, any N, any M
- N1-3, any T, any M
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