Causes of urinary bladder wall or lumen calcification include:
Common
Uncommon
- neuroblastoma; pheochromocytoma
- radiation reaction
- alkaptonuria (ochronosis)
- amyloidosis
- calculus in a urachal cyst or in a bladder diverticulum
- urachal carcinoma
- carcinoma, esp. transitional cell: encrusted
- leiomyosarcoma 4
Rare
- cystinuria
- cystitis: alkaline encrusted
- drug reaction (esp. cyclophosphamide {Cytoxan} cystitis; Mitomycin C instillation)
- foreign body or blood clot (encrusted)
- hematoma
- hyperparathyroidism, primary or secondary
- neoplasm, benign, eg, hemangioma
- neoplasm, invasive, esp. ovarian cystadenocarcinoma; rectal colloid carcinoma
- oxalosis
- prune-belly syndrome (Eagle-Barrett syndrome)
- renal tubular acidosis
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- Wilson disease
- fetal head: does not actually cause the gamuted imaging finding, but can produce imaging changes that simulate it