Kartagener syndrome is an autosomal recessive hereditary disease and a combination of findings that are also described with the immotile cilia syndrome (also called primary ciliary dyskinesia). The syndrome typically presents with:

• situs inversus
• bronchiectasis
• chronic sinusitis
• infertility in males

The tree-in-bud sign is often associated with Kartagener Syndrome, indicative of obstructive bronchiolitis. Impaction of mucoid material is a typical finding in these patients.