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The proximal right ureter is seen coursing posterior to the inferior vena cava, then emerging to the right of the aorta and then passing anterior to the lower IVC and right iliac vessels. The ureter passing behind the IVC has a fishhook or S-shaped appearance and is associated with moderate proximal hydroureteronephrosis. The remaining right ureter is of normal calibre. There is a small radio-opaque calculus (3mm) at the left vesicoureteric junction without any significant proximal hydroureteronephrosis.