Presentation
Not applicable
Patient Data
Age: Not applicable
From the case:
Classification of ACL avulsion fractures (diagram)
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Type 1 - minimally/non-displaced fragment
Type 2 - anterior elevation of the fragment
Type 3 - complete seperation of the fragment. 3b - Involves the majority of the eminence.
Type 4 - comminuted avulsion or a rotation of the fragment.
Case Discussion
These illustrations are based on the Meyers and McKeever classification system.
- Type 1 - minimally/non-displaced fragment
- Type 2 - anterior elevation of the fragment
- Type 3 - complete separation of the fragment. 3b - Involves the majority of the eminence.
- Type 4 - comminuted avulsion or a rotation of the fragment.
I've lightly indicated a type 4 "b" to show a rotational type 4 in contrast to the comminuted type 4. No type 4b has been described in the literature. Both rotated fragments and comminuted avulsions have been referred to as just "type 4."