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What are the four possible management methods for traumatic vertebral arterial injury?
Conservative monitoring; Medical management with anticoagulation; Endovascular intervention; Open surgical repair.
- Irregularity of the dominant right vertebral artery at the base of the C3 transverse foramen is suspicious for non-occlusive dissection.
- Subtle irregularity of the cavernous portion of the left internal carotid artery raises the possibility of an internal carotid dissection.
- The cervical and intracranial carotid arteries opacify normally elsewhere.
- The circle of Willis opacifies normally, with no evidence of branch occlusion.