Proximal humeral fracture-dislocation: AO classification

Case contributed by Heba Abdelmonem
Diagnosis certain

Presentation

Trauma.

Patient Data

Age: 50 years
Gender: Male

Extra-articular fracture of the humeral surgical neck extending to the shaft associated with posterior dislocation of the humeral head as well fractured lesser tuberosity. CT findings consistent with an extra-articular bifocal fracture with glenohumeral dislocation type B3.
 

Case Discussion

AO classification of proximal humerus fractures:

  • A: extra-articular unifocal fracture
    • A1: extra-articular unifocal tuberosity fracture
    • A2: extra-articular unifocal nondisplaced metaphyseal fracture
    • A3: extra-articular unifocal displaced metaphyseal fracture
  • B: extra-articular bifocal fracture
    • B1: extra-articular bifocal fracture with impacted metaphysis
    • B2: extra-articular bifocal fracture without impacted metaphysis
    • B3: extra-articular bifocal fracture with dislocated glenohumeral joint
  • C: articular (anatomical neck fracture)
    • C1: minimally displaced
    • C2: markedly displaced
    • C3: dislocated

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