What are the main symptoms of T.O.F?
The clinical presentation of the patient with TOF is dependent upon the degree of right ventricular outflow obstruction: • Children with severe obstruction typically present in the immediate newborn period with profound cyanosis. • Children with moderate obstruction may be noticed during elective evaluation for a murmur. • Children with minimal obstruction may present with pulmonary overcirculation and heart failure
What are the T.O.F signs on CXR?
Normal-sized boot-shaped heart (coeur en sabot), lung fields might be oligaemic.
What is the pentalogy of fallot?
Pentalogy of fallot includes the classic four features of: 1- Ventricular septal defect 2- Overriding of the aorta 3- Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction 4-Hypertrophy of the right ventricle, with the addition of an atrial septal defect (ASD) or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
What are the possible surgical approaches?
1- Anatomical repair: traditionally aimed at VSD closure and relief of RVOT obstruction. 2- Palliative systemic-to-pulmonary arterial shunts: such as Blalock–Taussig, Waterston or Potts.
Hypokinetic left ventricle
A 10 mm ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Aortic override over the septum
Supravalvar pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricle dilation and hypertrophy
D-shape on short-axis view
Right atrium spontaneous echo contrast