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Axial non-contrast
CT
Axial non-contrast
What are the main differentials for this case, and how do you make the distinction between them?
1. Semilobar holoprosencephaly: partial separation into hemispheres, rudimentary occipital and temporal horns. 2. Hydranencephaly: thalami often visible and not fused, not associated with midline facial abnormalities, no cortex present (or sometimes small islands of tissue), falx usually present. 3. Severe hydrocephalus: falx usually present, bilateral choroid plexus present, thalami not fused, not associated with midline facial abnormalities.
Axial non-contrast CT demonstrates:
- single midline monoventricle with a dorsal cyst of holoprosencephaly
- fused cerebral hemispheres and thalami
- absence of midline structures (septum pellucidum, corpus callosum, interhemispheric fissure, and falx cerebri)
- associated hypotelorism