Presentation
Progressive swallowing difficulties, more so to solids.
Patient Data
Age: 40 years
Gender: Male
From the case:
Achalasia
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Dilated, adynamic oesophagus with a fluid level and failure to empty.
Bird beak appearance at the GOJ. Trace of barium into the stomach.
Case Discussion
The appearances of achalasia are almost pathognomonic on barium swallow. These include:
- a gas-filled dilated oesophagus on control film
- a distended oesophagus with an air-fluid level
- an adynamic oesophagus
- a distal acute taper of the oesophagus with a bird-beak appearance.
The bird-beak sign is used to refer to the tapering of the inferior oesophagus in achalasia. This has a smooth outline implying a non-malignant cause. A rat's tail appearance is used interchangeably.