Illustrations of the classification of multiple gallbladders according to Harlaftis et al., including all subtypes of variation and type 4, which was not initially described.
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Case Discussion
Multiple gallbladders represent a rare variant. Current evidence does not suggest they have a different natural history with single gallbladders (est. 2023).
Multiple gallbladders can be difficult to diagnose on ultrasonography. Because of this, they tend to be identified intra-operatively.
Surgical excision of all gallbladders is indicated in symptomatic stone disease.
Type 2 multiple gallbladders (separated cystic ducts) cannot be preoperatively differentiated from a Todani II bile duct cyst (bile duct diverticulum), which is associated with a risk of malignant transformation.
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