Presentation
Patient from Maaco - west azarbayjan - Iran (which is a city with high levels of fluoride in drinking water).
Patient Data
Age: 20 years
Gender: Female
From the case:
Diffuse bony sclerosis - endemic skeletal fluorosis
{"current_user":null,"step_through_annotations":true,"access":{"can_edit":false,"can_download":true,"can_toggle_annotations":true,"can_feature":false,"can_pin":false},"extraPropsURL":"/studies/21058/annotated_viewer_json?lang=us"}
Diffuse bony sclerosis is seen with hyperdense renal parenchyma . Severe kyphosis also is noted.
Case Discussion
The findings ( in a patient with high levels of drinking water fluoride ) are consistent with fluorosis.
Endemic skeletal fluorosis is a chronic metabolic bone disease caused by ingestion of large amounts of fluoride through either water or food in geographic areas where high levels of fluoride occur naturally.
Most of the radiologic features of this disease have already been described and include :
- increased bone density
- blurring or haziness of trabeculae
- compact bone thickening
- periosteal bone formation and
- ossification of the attachments of tendons, ligaments, and muscles
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.