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Elongated hook-like xiphoid process

Case contributed by Dalia Ibrahim

Presentation

Epigastric mass.

Patient Data

Age: 32 years
Gender: Male

Elongated ventrally deviated hook like sternal Xiphoid causing focal epigastric bulge mimicking epigastric mass.

Annotated image

Elongated ventrally deviated hook like sternal Xiphoid causing focal epigastric bulge mimicking epigastric mass.

Case Discussion

There is considerable anatomic variation in the shape of the xiphoid of the sternum:

  • xiphoid ending is classified as single, double, or triple.
  • xiphoid size varies (e.g. elongated process)
  • xiphoid morphology (e.g. ventral or dorsal deviation, hook-like, reverse S-shape).

Clinical presentation

Elongated and ventrally-deviated xiphoid process might mimic an epigastric mass and cause pain

 

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