Presentation
Left upper and lower limb weakness.
Patient Data
High FLAIR signal in the right frontal lobe, crossing the corpus callosum into the left frontal lobe. Predominantly peripheral contrast enhancement in the region of high FLAIR signal also crosses the corpus callosum; a more discrete contrast enhancing nodule in the left frontal lobe lies within the region of contiguous high FLAIR signal. Within this abnormality there is increased cerebral blood volume and low ADC values of 800-900.
The remainder of the brain is within normal limits.
CONCLUSION:
Findings are in keeping with high grade glioma crossing the corpus callosum.
Case Discussion
Glioblastomas, along with CNS lymphoma, are one of few tumors that cross the midline via the corpus callosum. Cerebral metastases rarely have this pattern of spread.
The patient proceeded to open biopsy.
Histology
MICROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION:
The sections show features of a densely cellular astrocytic tumor. The tumor cells have elongated, angulated and hyperchromatic nuclei. Scattered mitotic figures are identified. There are foci of microvascular proliferation. Areas of palisaded necrosis are present. The features are those of glioblastoma. The tumor cells are focally p53 and MGMT (about 20%) immunostains positive. There is no loss of ATRX staining. IDH-1 immunostain is negative.
DIAGNOSIS: Brain tumor: Glioblastoma (WHO Grade IV).
Note: Although this tumor is entirely consistent with IDH wild-type molecular subtype, strictly speaking, to conclusively establish this, IDH would need to be sequenced to ensure that a non-IDH1 R132H mutation was present. In practice, an IDH1 R132H negative tumor in an older individual makes the possibility of this being IDH mutant remote, and sequencing is not felt to be necessary by many institutions.
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.