Illustration (axial view) of a jugular paraganglioma (previously known as a glomus jugulare paraganglioma).
Case Discussion
This illustration shows some of the structures affected by a jugular paraganglioma. Mass-effect from the tumor can involve cranial nerves IX, X and XI as they traverse through the jugular foramen. Cranial nerve VII traverses near the jugular foramen and can be affected if the tumor invades through the bone towards it laterally. It can also be affected when the tumor invades the middle ear.
A 'moth eaten' pattern of bone destruction is commonly seen with this type of tumor, with destruction of the jugular and caroticojugular spine sometimes a feature.
The 'salt and pepper' appearance on MRI is due to the highly vascular nature of the tumor.