Oesophageal carcinoma

Case contributed by Michael Burns
Diagnosis certain

Presentation

Long-standing gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Mild dysphagia for 2 months associated with weight loss.

Patient Data

Age: 60 years
Gender: Male
Fluoroscopy
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Findings:

  • the cervical and proximal thoracic oesophagus is unremarkable

  • there is a long irregular stricture of the distal thoracic oesophagus, approximately 10 cm length, associated with moderate holdup of barium

  • transient sliding hiatus hernia, not present on the initial upright views, becoming apparent on the prone and supine views, and remaining on the final upright view

  • stomach is otherwise unremarkable

Impression:

  • long irregular stricture of the distal thoracic oesophagus, differential including reflux oesophagitis versus malignancy

  • endoscopy is recommended

ct
This study is a stack
Axial C+ portal
venous phase
This study is a stack
Coronal C+ portal
venous phase
This study is a stack
Sagittal C+ portal
venous phase
This study is a stack
Axial lung
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Mediastinum

  • there few borderline and subcentimetre lymph nodes in the posterior mediastinum adjacent to the distal oesophagus. No other significant adenopathy by size criteria

Heart and pericardium

  • heart size is normal

  • coronary artery calcification is demonstrated  

  • no pericardial fluid collections

The aorta and major vessels: Trace calcified plaque within the normal calibre aorta  

Lungs and airways

  • no airspace consolidation

  • peripheral 3 mm nodule associated with an interlobular septum in the anterior aspect right middle lobe, favoured represent an intrapulmonary lymph node

  • additional suspected tiny peripheral 2 mm intrapulmonary lymph node posterior aspect right lower lobe

  • vo concerning pulmonary nodules demonstrated

  • central airways are clear

Pleura: No pleural effusions or nodularity. 

Chest wall: No axillary adenopathy. Chest wall soft tissues are unremarkable.

Oesophagus, stomach and duodenum

  • proximal oesophagus is distended with gas 

  • the mid to distal oesophagus is abnormal in appearance with irregular circumferential wall thickening

  • irregularity oesophagus involves the distal 10 cm of the oesophagus

  • there is a suspected small hiatal hernia

  • the stomach is collapsed but within normal limits

  • normal appearance of the duodenum

Impression:

  • marked circumferential soft tissue thickening and irregularity involving the distal 10 cm of the oesophagus. Appearance is consistent with recently diagnosed oesophageal adenocarcinoma

  • borderline and subcentimetre lymph nodes in the lower mediastinum which will require continued attention on follow-up

Endoscopy

pathology
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Long segment lower oesophageal mass, probable cancer.

Pathology: Invasive high-grade adenocarcinoma consistent with oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

Case Discussion

Long irregular stricture on barium swallow, typical for oesophageal carcinoma. Main differential is stricture from chronic reflux.

The disease progression in this case was likely reflux -> Barrett oesophagus -> adenocarcinoma. Greater than 90% of cases of oesophageal adenocarcinoma arise from Barrett mucosa.

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