Pneumocephalus - iatrogenic etiology during hemodialysis

Case contributed by Hadi Dahhan
Diagnosis certain

Presentation

Patient undergoing dialysis with sudden cardiac arrest.

Patient Data

Age: 75 years
Gender: Male

Diffuse intracranial gas along the fronto-parietal cortical veins and masticator spaces.

CT head (24-hour interval)

ct

Diffuse sulcal narrowing, representing a change from the prior exam, and loss of gray-white differentiation, most likely due to diffuse cerebral edema.

Contrast enhancement of the vessels consistent with residual contrast from prior exams as the current exam was performed without contrast.

Case Discussion

This case illustrates a rare occurrence of pneumocephalus during dialysis with a hemodialysis catheter, with 24-hour follow-up CT showing resolved intracranial gas but interval development of diffuse cerebral edema.

Case Authors:

Saad Muhammad Quadri D.O., Habib Zahir D.O.

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