Presentation
Pain in the left proximal posterior thigh and discomfort in the buttocks. Clinical suspicion for a hamstring injury.
Patient Data
Findings
fluid-filled gap at the proximal insertion site of the hamstring muscles between the conjoint tendon and the proximal semimembranosus tendon extending further distally into the myotendinous junction
avulsion of the conjoint semitendinosus and biceps femoris tendon with >2cm retraction
partial tear of the semimembranosus tendon insertion
proximal muscle oedema but no atrophy or fatty degeneration of the semitendinosus and biceps femoris longus muscles
large lipomatous tumour in a subfascial location lateral to the biceps femoris muscle and proximally underneath the caudal portion of the gluteus maximus muscle
predominantly thin septae, two septae with a borderline thickness of ~2 mm in the mid-caudal and medial portion of the tumour
some septae show an increased signal on fluid-sensitive images
tumour dimensions: ~17 x 9.5 x 6 cm
the course of the sciatic nerve in a close relationship, lateral to the avulsed conjoint tendon and medial to the lipomatous tumour
Impression
proximal hamstring injury with a full-thickness tear of the conjoint tendon (>2 cm tendon retraction) and partial tear of the proximal semimembranosus tendon
incidental large subfascial lipomatous tumour in keeping with either a large intermuscular lipoma or atypical lipomatous tumour
Exam courtesy: Jeanette Moses (radiographer)
Findings
lipomatous tumour
no focal nodular patchy non-fatty tissue components of the tumour
no thick or nodular contrast enhancement of the septae
phase-encoded motion artifact in the lower portion of the tumour in the fat-saturated T1 C+ sequence not reproduced in the Dixon C+ sequence
no diffusion restriction, blackout effect
proximal hamstring injury
-
thick reactive enhancing fibrovascular tissue around the proximal hamstring tear
Impression
large lipomatous tumour - intermuscular lipoma favoured over an atypical lipomatous tumour
due to the large size histology was recommended
known proximal hamstring injury
Exam courtesy: Torsten Otte (radiographer)
The patient underwent surgical resection of the tumour.
Pathology report (translation)
Macroscopic appearance
- encapsulated, nodular, soft-elastic piece of tissue
- dimensions: 14.5 x 2.5 x 7 cm
- cut surface: yellowish lobulated soft-elastic tissue
Microscopic appearance
- soft tissue extirpate of mature lobulated adipose tissue, delicately encapsulated and the fat lobules interspersed with connective tissue
- adipocytes with similar sizes and without nuclear atypia
- no haemorrhage or necrosis
Diagnosis
- benign subfascial lipoma of the thigh
6 month after surgery
Findings
status post tumour resection.
no evidence of contrast-enhancing lesions, no residual lipomatous mass
known old proximal hamstring injury with a full-thickness tear of the conjoint semitendinosus and biceps femoris tendons
slight oedematous changes of the semitendinosus muscle and biceps femoris muscle
no atrophy or fatty degeneration
sciatic nerve inconspicuous
Impression
after tumour resection, no tumour remnant
known old proximal hamstring injury with avulsion of the conjoint tendon
normal-appearing sciatic nerve
Exam courtesy: Ines Lischka (radiographer)
Case Discussion
A case of a proximal hamstring injury with avulsion of the conjoint tendon and a large incidentally found intermuscular lipoma.
Differentiating large intermuscular or intramuscular lipomas from atypical lipomatous tumours might be challenging in imaging. The following criteria favour lipoma vs atypical lipomatous tumour 1-4:
no focal nodular patchy non-fatty tumour components
predominantly thin, non-enhancing septae
The large tumour size >13 cm made the decision more difficult favouring the diagnosis of an atypical lipomatous tumour on MRI 1-4. The few septae with borderline thickness and the foci or regions of increased signal intensity on fluid-sensitive images did not help in the decision 1-4.
Eventually, the tumour was resected and histology revealed subfascial lipoma (see above).
MRI can aid in guiding management decisions of proximal insertional injuries 4-6 of the hamstring muscles with respect to the tear type (partial thickness/full-thickness), the tendon retraction and the tendons involved. Surgical treatment should be considered in complete hamstring avulsion with retraction of both the conjoint and semimembranosus tendon whereas partial thickness tears and full-thickness tears with tendon retraction are often treated non-operatively and retracted single tendon tears might be treated with respect to chronicity and patients wishes and needs 4-6. In this case, the insertional tear was not repaired surgically.
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