Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

Case contributed by Stefan Tigges
Diagnosis almost certain

Presentation

Six months of dyspnoea and cough.

Patient Data

Age: 40 years
Gender: Female
x-ray
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Info

Diffuse symmetric bilateral reticulonodular opacities are present. No pleural effusions, normal cardiomediastinal silhouette. 

This study is a stack
Axial lung
window
This study is a stack
Axial
non-contrast
This study is a stack
Coronal
lung window
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Diffuse bilateral "crazy paving" pattern is present with increased septal lines and ground-glass opacity involving secondary pulmonary lobules. Although the upper and lower lobes are both involved, the upper lobes are involved more severely.

Case Discussion

The "crazy paving" pattern (increased septal lines + ground-glass opacity) was initially described as pathognomonic for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, but other causes including haemorrhage and infection have also been described. 

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