IMPORTANT: We currently have a number of bugs related to image cropping and are actively trying to resolve them. In the meantime, we have disabled cropping. Apologies for any inconvenience. Stay informed: radiopaedia.org/chat

Venous malformation with sclerotherapy

Case contributed by Mohammed Alshammari
Diagnosis almost certain

Presentation

Left arm swelling.

Patient Data

Age: 11 years
Gender: Female

X-ray: Lobulated soft tissue densities associated with phleboliths calcification within the left shoulder and along the anteromedial aspect of the left forearm. The adjacent bone is normal.

There is a soft tissue swelling of the left upper limb with large ectatic veins extending from shoulder to wrist more in the lateral aspect. 

The arteries of the left upper limb from subclavian down to distal radial and ulnar arteries are unremarkable.

All veins are dilated, bedded appearance with sac dilatation and fluid-fluid levels within the ectatic veins.

The adjacent bones are normal. 

Sclerotherapy

Fluoroscopy

The left proximal forearm, midarm, supraclavicular and posterior aspect of the shoulder regions were all targeted with needle injections done percutaneously under ultrasound guidance to ensure single vein wall entry.

Angiographic runs confirmed needle position. The injections were done under road map starting with polidocanol followed by bleomycin 5 minutes late. Total 15 ml of bleomycin and 6.5 ml of 3% polidocanol.

Case Discussion

Postoperatively there were no nerve, shin or muscle complications.

How to use cases

You can use Radiopaedia cases in a variety of ways to help you learn and teach.

Creating your own cases is easy.

Updating… Please wait.

 Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.

 Thank you for updating your details.