Articles
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16,860 results found
Article
Using and attributing images from Radiopaedia
Using images from Radiopaedia in your presentations is not only OK but is actively encouraged. Radiopaedia is all about sharing our knowledge and cases and by so doing, makes it easier to teach and to learn from each other.
To download an image, just click the download icon (little cloud with ...
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Dose length product
Dose length product (DLP) is a measure of CT tube radiation output/exposure (measured in mGy.cm). It is related to volume CT dose index (CTDIvol), but CTDIvol represents the dose through a slice of an appropriate phantom. The dose length product accounts for the length of radiation output along ...
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Cerebral small vessel disease
Cerebral small vessel disease, also known as cerebral microangiopathy, is an umbrella term for lesions in the brain attributed to pathology of small arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, or small veins. It is the most common cause of vascular dementia/cognitive impairment and is a major ca...
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Babygram
Babygram is a radiograph that captures the newborn's entire body, including limbs.
Indications
Babygram is done in AP and lateral views in post-mortem studies of the stillborn foetus or after the termination of pregnancy due to gross congenital anomalies 1.
Babygram is also used to determine...
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Basilar process
The basilar process, also known as the mammillar or papillar process, is a rare anatomical variant of the occipital bone that is part of the spectrum of occipital vertebrae 1.
Epidemiology
The basilar process is a rare variant, with a reported prevalence of 4% 2.
Clinical presentation
A basi...
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Peritesticular lipoma
Peritesticular lipoma is considered the most common benign tumor of the paratesticular tissues and spermatic cord (can comprising around 45% of paratesticular masses).
Clinical presentation
Often manifests as an incidentally discovered nontender scrotal mass. Can affect patients over a wide ag...
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Spiculated periosteal reaction
Spiculated periosteal reaction represents spicules of new bone-forming along vascular channels and the fibrous bands that anchor tendons to bone (Sharpey fibers).
Pathology
A spiculated periosteal reaction signifies a rapid underlying process that prevents the formation of new bone under the r...
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Postaxial polydactyly
Postaxial polydactyly refers to polydactyly where the additional digit is on the ulnar margin of the hand, or lateral to the 5th (little) toe.
Epidemiology
Postaxial polydactyly is more common than preaxial polydactyly, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 3000 5.
Associations
trisomy 13
Bar...
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Plantar fascia
The plantar fascia or plantar aponeurosis is a dense collection of collagen fibers on the sole (plantar surface) of the foot. These fibers are mostly longitudinal but also transverse.
Gross anatomy
Posteriorly it attaches to the medial process of the tuberosity of the calcaneus, proximal to fl...
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Brain death
Brain death (or death by neurological criteria) refers to the irreversible end of all brain activity and is usually assessed clinically. Radiographic testing may be used as additional support for a clinical diagnosis of brain death, such as when clinical tests are impossible to perform, e.g. fac...
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Polydactyly
Polydactyly (less commonly called hyperdactyly) refers to the situation where there are more than the usual number of digits (five) in a hand or foot. It can be broadly classified as:
preaxial polydactyly: extra digit(s) towards the thumb/hallux (radially)
postaxial polydactyly: extra digit(s)...
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Empty light bulb sign (brain death)
In brain death, on Tc-99m HMPAO imaging there is absent or reduced flow in the internal carotid arteries and increased flow within the external carotid arteries. This leads to absent uptake in the brain with subsequent increased perfusion in the nasal region. This appearance has been called the ...
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Hot nose sign
The hot nose sign refers to increased perfusion in the nasal region on nuclear medicine cerebral perfusion studies in the setting of brain death. The absent or reduced flow in the internal carotid arteries is thought to lead to increased flow within the external carotid arteries and subsequent i...
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Intrapelvic cup migration
Intrapelvic cup migration is a serious complication after total hip arthroplasty, in which the prosthetic acetabular cup migrates or drifts into the pelvic inlet.
Epidemiology
Fortunately, this complication is very rare. There seems to be a female predisposition 1-3.
Risk factors
Factors inc...
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Fecal impaction
Fecal impaction is the inability to spontaneously evacuate solid feces. It is common in the elderly population. A severe form of fecal impaction is often referred to as a fecaloma.
Terminology
Fecal loading is a poorly defined term but generally refers to the volume of fecal material in the c...
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Hypertensive microangiopathy
Hypertensive microangiopathy, also referred to as chronic hypertensive encephalopathy, hypertensive arteriopathy, hypertensive arteriolosclerosis, and hypertensive small vessel disease, is a form of sporadic cerebral small vessel disease that results from the sustained effects of elevated system...
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Langerhans cell histiocytosis (skeletal manifestations)
The skeleton is the most commonly involved organ system in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and is by far the most common location for single-lesion LCH, often referred to as eosinophilic granuloma (EG) (the terms are used interchangeably in this article). For a general discussion of this dis...
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Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a cerebrovascular disorder caused by the accumulation of cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) in the tunica media and adventitia of leptomeningeal and cortical vessels of the brain. The resultant vascular fragility tends to manifest in normotensive elderly patients as lob...
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Lisfranc injury
Lisfranc injuries, also called Lisfranc fracture-dislocations, are the most common type of dislocation involving the foot and correspond to the dislocation of the articulation of the tarsus with the metatarsal bases.
Pathology
Anatomy
The Lisfranc joint articulates the tarsus with the metatar...
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Pelvic varices
Pelvic varices are dialated viens in broad ligaments and ovarian plexus and when is associated with chronic pelvic pain it is called pelvic congestion syndrome (some prefer pelvic venous insufficiency 9) is a condition that results from retrograde flow through incompetent valves in ovarian veins...