Articles

Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.

16,824 results found
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Pituitary stone

Pituitary stones, also known as pituitary lithiases or pituitary calculi, are very rare types of brain stones characterized by extensive calcification in the sella turcica. Terminology Throughout the literature, there is contention and inconsistency regarding what pituitary stones actually are...
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Iliohypogastric nerve

The iliohypogastric nerve arises from the anterior ramus of the L1 nerve root of the lumbar plexus along with the ilioinguinal nerve. It is a sensory nerve that provides lateral and anterior cutaneous branches supplying the posterolateral gluteal skin and skin in the pubic region. Gross anatomy...
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Neurosyphilis

Neurosyphilis results from infection of the central nervous system by the spirochete Treponema pallidum, subspecies pallidum. The disease has a heterogeneous spectrum of early and late manifestations. For a general discussion, and for links to other system-specific manifestations, please refer ...
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Gluteus medius muscle

The gluteus medius muscle and gluteus minimus muscle are two muscles of the more superficial group in the gluteal region. Summary origin: gluteal surface of the ilium between the posterior and anterior gluteal line, gluteal aponeurosis, and posteroinferior iliac crest 1-3 insertion: superopos...
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Kyphosis

Kyphosis (plural: kyphoses), much less commonly kyphus, is a term used to describe the sagittal curvature of the thoracic spine. Hyperkyphosis is when the kyphosis angle is above the normal range 5,7. Pathology Kyphosis increases with age, with a kyphosis angle of ~25° (range 20-29°) in adoles...
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Gluteal muscles

The superficial gluteal muscles lie within the gluteal region posterolateral to the bony pelvis and proximal femur. From superficial to deep lie the gluteus maximus, medius and minimus. The gluteus maximus is an important muscle for hip extension and lateral rotation. Gluteus medius and minimus ...
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Subacromial impingement

Subacromial impingement is the most common form of shoulder impingement and occurs secondary to attrition between the coracoacromial arch and the underlying supraspinatus tendon or subacromial bursa, leading to tendinopathy and bursitis respectively. Pathology Etiology acromial shape os acro...
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Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, also known as hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN), refers to a heterogeneous group of inherited peripheral neuropathies rather than a single clinical entity 9. Epidemiology The prevalence of CMT in one Norwegian study was 82.3 cases per 100,000 peo...
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Saccular cerebral aneurysm

Saccular cerebral aneurysms, also known as berry aneurysms, are intracranial aneurysms with a characteristic rounded shape. They account for the vast majority of intracranial aneurysms and are the most common cause of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Terminology Those larger than 25 mm i...
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Extradural hemorrhage (summary)

This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists Extradural hemorrhages (EDH) represent collections of blood in the extradural (epidural) space. The hemorrhage sits between the skull superficially and the dura which overlies the brain parenchyma. The bleed in relation to...
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Medical abbreviations and acronyms (E)

This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter E and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep both the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order). A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q...
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Perforated appendix

A perforated appendix is one of the complications of acute appendicitis. When appendicitis is left untreated, necrosis (gangrene) of the appendiceal wall can occur and progress to a focal rupture. Epidemiology The rate of perforated appendix vary from 16% to 40%, with higher incidence in young...
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Appendicular abscess

Appendicular abscess is considered the most common complication of acute appendicitis, in particular 5th to 10th day after a perforated appendix 1.  Clinical presentation In 70% of the cases, abdominal pain can be localized to periumbilical region, while 15% have generalized abdominal pain and...
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Acute appendicitis

Acute appendicitis is an acute inflammation of the vermiform appendix. It is a very common condition in general radiology practice and is one of the main reasons for abdominal surgery in young patients. CT is the most sensitive modality to detect appendicitis. Terminology Acute appendicitis (p...
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Renal transplant related complications

The recipients of renal transplants are susceptible to a number of complications. The incidence of each is variable and partially subject to specific surgical transplantation techniques and management patterns.  Pathology Renal transplant complications These can be broadly categorized as peri...
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Renal vein thrombosis

Renal vein thrombosis (plural: renal vein thromboses) can be either from "bland" thrombus or tumor thrombus (extension of tumor into the vein). There are numerous etiologies for bland thrombus, but it most commonly occurs in the hypercoagulable nephrotic syndrome. Renal vein thrombus is commoner...
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Anterior choroidal artery syndrome

Anterior choroidal artery syndrome is a rare entity caused by cerebral infarction in the anterior choroidal artery territory. Clinical presentation In its complete form, the syndrome is characterized by the triad of 7: contralateral hemiplegia contralateral hemisensory loss contralateral ho...
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Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (pulmonary manifestations)

Pulmonary manifestations of lymphomatoid granulomatosis are important since the lung is one of the most frequent sites of involvement in lymphomatoid granulomatosis. It falls under the group of pulmonary angiitis and granulomatosis. Pathology Some consider the condition to be midway between ov...
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Lymphomatoid granulomatosis

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis, also known as angiocentric lymphoma or angiocentric immunoproliferative lesion, is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection.  Pathology There is a recognized association with antecedent infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (...
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Paget disease (bone)

Paget disease of the bone is a common, chronic metabolic bone disorder characterized by excessive abnormal bone remodeling. The classically described radiological appearances are expanded bone with a coarsened trabecular pattern. The pelvis, spine, skull, and proximal long bones are most frequen...

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