Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,860 results found
Article
Penetrating thoracic trauma
Penetrating thoracic trauma, namely gunshot and stab injuries, vary widely in incidence globally but nevertheless result in high mortality and serious morbidity. CT is the modality of choice in imaging these patients and can reduce the need for surgical exploration.
Pathology
Penetrating thor...
Article
Germinal matrix hemorrhage (grading mnemonic)
A mnemonic to remember the radiological grading of germinal matrix hemorrhage is:
CV2P
Mnemonic
It can be read as a central venous line
C: limited to the caudothalamic groove/ germinal matrix ( grade I )
V: expansion into ventricles less than 50% ( grade II )
V: dilated ventricles ( grade...
Article
Cerebral small vessel disease
Cerebral small vessel disease, also known as cerebral microangiopathy, is an umbrella term for lesions in the brain attributed to pathology of small arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, or small veins. It is the most common cause of vascular dementia/cognitive impairment and is a major ca...
Article
Penetrating abdominopelvic trauma
Penetrating abdominopelvic trauma usually occurs in the setting of gunshot and stab injuries and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. CT is the modality of choice in imaging if the patient is stable enough before surgery. The most common injuries include small bowel, large bowel, liv...
Article
Playlists
Playlists are a fantastic way of collecting, organizing and sharing cases. They are an ordered collection of cases that you can then play from start to finish.
We have gathered some examples of educational playlists for you to browse.
Playlists can also have intervening static slides. The res...
Article
Using and attributing images from Radiopaedia
Using images from Radiopaedia in your presentations is not only OK but is actively encouraged. Radiopaedia is all about sharing our knowledge and cases and by so doing, makes it easier to teach and to learn from each other.
To download an image, just click the download icon (little cloud with ...
Article
Dose length product
Dose length product (DLP) is a measure of CT tube radiation output/exposure (measured in mGy.cm). It is related to volume CT dose index (CTDIvol), but CTDIvol represents the dose through a slice of an appropriate phantom. The dose length product accounts for the length of radiation output along ...
Article
Babygram
Babygram is a radiograph that captures the newborn's entire body, including limbs.
Indications
Babygram is done in AP and lateral views in post-mortem studies of the stillborn foetus or after the termination of pregnancy due to gross congenital anomalies 1.
Babygram is also used to determine...
Article
Basilar process
The basilar process, also known as the mammillar or papillar process, is a rare anatomical variant of the occipital bone that is part of the spectrum of occipital vertebrae 1.
Epidemiology
The basilar process is a rare variant, with a reported prevalence of 4% 2.
Clinical presentation
A basi...
Article
Peritesticular lipoma
Peritesticular lipoma is considered the most common benign tumor of the paratesticular tissues and spermatic cord (can comprising around 45% of paratesticular masses).
Clinical presentation
Often manifests as an incidentally discovered nontender scrotal mass. Can affect patients over a wide ag...
Article
Spiculated periosteal reaction
Spiculated periosteal reaction represents spicules of new bone-forming along vascular channels and the fibrous bands that anchor tendons to bone (Sharpey fibers).
Pathology
A spiculated periosteal reaction signifies a rapid underlying process that prevents the formation of new bone under the r...
Article
Postaxial polydactyly
Postaxial polydactyly refers to polydactyly where the additional digit is on the ulnar margin of the hand, or lateral to the 5th (little) toe.
Epidemiology
Postaxial polydactyly is more common than preaxial polydactyly, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 3000 5.
Associations
trisomy 13
Bar...
Article
Plantar fascia
The plantar fascia or plantar aponeurosis is a dense collection of collagen fibers on the sole (plantar surface) of the foot. These fibers are mostly longitudinal but also transverse.
Gross anatomy
Posteriorly it attaches to the medial process of the tuberosity of the calcaneus, proximal to fl...
Article
Brain death
Brain death (or death by neurological criteria) refers to the irreversible end of all brain activity and is usually assessed clinically. Radiographic testing may be used as additional support for a clinical diagnosis of brain death, such as when clinical tests are impossible to perform, e.g. fac...
Article
Polydactyly
Polydactyly (less commonly called hyperdactyly) refers to the situation where there are more than the usual number of digits (five) in a hand or foot. It can be broadly classified as:
preaxial polydactyly: extra digit(s) towards the thumb/hallux (radially)
postaxial polydactyly: extra digit(s)...
Article
Empty light bulb sign (brain death)
In brain death, on Tc-99m HMPAO imaging there is absent or reduced flow in the internal carotid arteries and increased flow within the external carotid arteries. This leads to absent uptake in the brain with subsequent increased perfusion in the nasal region. This appearance has been called the ...
Article
Hot nose sign
The hot nose sign refers to increased perfusion in the nasal region on nuclear medicine cerebral perfusion studies in the setting of brain death. The absent or reduced flow in the internal carotid arteries is thought to lead to increased flow within the external carotid arteries and subsequent i...
Article
Intrapelvic cup migration
Intrapelvic cup migration is a serious complication after total hip arthroplasty, in which the prosthetic acetabular cup migrates or drifts into the pelvic inlet.
Epidemiology
Fortunately, this complication is very rare. There seems to be a female predisposition 1-3.
Risk factors
Factors inc...
Article
Fecal impaction
Fecal impaction is the inability to spontaneously evacuate solid feces. It is common in the elderly population. A severe form of fecal impaction is often referred to as a fecaloma.
Terminology
Fecal loading is a poorly defined term but generally refers to the volume of fecal material in the c...
Article
Hypertensive microangiopathy
Hypertensive microangiopathy, also referred to as chronic hypertensive encephalopathy, hypertensive arteriopathy, hypertensive arteriolosclerosis, and hypertensive small vessel disease, is a form of sporadic cerebral small vessel disease that results from the sustained effects of elevated system...
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