Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,860 results found
Article
Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty
Reverse total shoulder arthroplasties (RTSA) or replacements (RTSR) are a variant on the standard total shoulder replacement (TSR). It is often the preferred method when there has been advanced damage to the rotator cuff as seen in rotator cuff tear arthropathy.
Prosthetic components
Humeral c...
Article
Shiny corner sign (ankylosing spondylitis)
The shiny corner sign is a spinal finding in ankylosing spondylitis, representing reactive sclerosis secondary to inflammatory erosions at the superior and inferior endplates (corners on lateral radiograph) of the vertebral bodies, which are known as Romanus lesions. Eventually, the vertebral bo...
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Ataxia-telangiectasia
Ataxia-telangiectasia, also known as Louis-Bar syndrome, is a rare multisystem autosomal recessive disorder, sometimes classified as a phakomatosis. It is characterized by multiple telangiectasias, cerebellar ataxia, pulmonary infections, and immunodeficiency.
On brain imaging, it usually demo...
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Medical abbreviations and acronyms (I)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter I and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep both the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q...
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Lung atelectasis
Lung atelectasis (plural: atelectases) refers to the collapse or incomplete expansion of pulmonary parenchyma.
Terminology
Atelectasis may be used synonymously with collapse, but some authors reserve the term “atelectasis” for partial collapse, not inclusive of total atelectasis of the affect...
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Passive atelectasis
Passive atelectasis, also known as relaxation atelectasis, is a form of lung atelectasis due to the loss of the negative pressure state in the pleural space.
Clinical presentation
The clinical presentation would depend on the extent of atelectasis and how quickly it develops. Small and gradual...
Article
Foramen of Magendie
The foramen of Magendie, also known as the median aperture, is one of the foramina in the ventricular system and links the fourth ventricle and the cisterna magna. It is one of the three sites that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can leave the fourth ventricle and enter the subarachnoid space. The two...
Article
Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia
Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP), also known as lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, is a benign lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by lymphocyte predominant infiltration of the lungs. It is classified as a subtype of interstitial lung disease. It also falls under the umbrella of n...
Article
CT/MRI LI-RADS
CT/MRI Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) is an algorithm for diagnosing and staging hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (CT/MRI Diagnostic LI-RADS) or assessing the response of HCC to locoregional treatment (CT/MRI Treatment Response LI-RADS) using CT or MRI with extracellular contras...
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LI-RADS (overview)
Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) is a standardized terminology and classification system for imaging findings in liver lesions. A liver lesion's LI-RADS score indicates its relative risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Usage
The classification system is meant to be used in...
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LI-RADS US Surveillance
Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System Ultrasound Surveillance (LI-RADS US Surveillance) is a standardized system with recommendations for imaging technique, interpretation and reporting for surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using unenhanced ultrasound in patients at high risk for ...
Article
Iodine-123
Iodine-123 (I123 or I-123) is a radioisotope of the element iodine (atomic number 53) used in nuclear medicine imaging including to scan the thyroid gland.
Production
Iodine-123 is produced in a cyclotron by bombarding Xenon-124 with a proton. Xenon-124 either will absorb the proton and loses...
Article
Cystitis cystica
Cystitis cystica is the same condition as ureteritis cystica and is closely related to cystitis glandularis. It is a relatively common chronic reactive inflammatory disorder that occurs in the setting of chronic irritation of the bladder mucosa.
Epidemiology
Cystitis cystica is seen in various...
Article
Wandering spleen
Wandering spleen is a rare condition in which the spleen migrates from its usual anatomical position, commonly to the lower abdomen or pelvis.
Epidemiology
Wandering spleen is rare, with a reported incidence of <0.5%.
Diagnosis is most commonly made between the ages of 20-40 years and is more...
Article
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (skeletal manifestations)
The skeleton is the most commonly involved organ system in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and is by far the most common location for single-lesion LCH, often referred to as eosinophilic granuloma (EG) (the terms are used interchangeably in this article). For a general discussion of this dis...
Article
Rule of 4 of the brainstem
The rule of 4 of the brainstem elegantly simplifies and explains the anatomy of the brainstem and the basis for various brainstem stroke syndromes. This article summarizes the original four rules 1-3, associated important clinical deficits, important exceptions, and provides two examples of thei...
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Paget disease (bone)
Paget disease of the bone is a common, chronic metabolic bone disorder characterized by excessive abnormal bone remodeling. The classically described radiological appearances are expanded bone with a coarsened trabecular pattern. The pelvis, spine, skull, and proximal long bones are most frequen...
Article
k-space
k-space is an abstract concept and refers to a data matrix containing the raw MRI data. This data is subjected to mathematical function or formula called a transform to generate the final image. A discrete Fourier or fast Fourier transform 1-3 is generally used, though other transforms such as t...
Article
Post-acute COVID-19 vaccination syndrome
Post-acute COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PACVS) 1 was recently described in a fifty-year-old woman vaccinated (after the second BNT162b2 dose). Specifically, the patient was diagnosed with chronic myopericarditis, a coagulopathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and a series of other anomalies (oc...
Article
Fornix (brain)
The fornix (plural: fornices) is the main efferent system of the hippocampus and an important part of the limbic system. It is one of the commissural fibers connecting the cerebral hemispheres.
Gross anatomy
Roughly C-shaped, the fornix extends from the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies of ...
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