Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,854 results found
Article
Morquio syndrome
Morquio syndrome (in older literature it is sometimes called Morquio-Brailsford syndrome) is an autosomal recessive mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type IV.
Epidemiology
Incidence estimated at ~1:40,000.
Clinical presentation
Many cases present at ~2 years of age and have normal intelligence. Cl...
Article
CT myelography
CT myelography (CTM) is a myelography technique used mainly to assess for potential spinal canal stenosis when MRI is contraindicated or when dynamic imaging is required.
History
CT myelography was first performed in 1976 2 and became the gold standard for imaging the spinal canal and cord unt...
Article
Aortic valve
The aortic valve (AV) is one of the four cardiac valves. It is the semilunar valve that allows blood to exit the left ventricle (LV). It opens during systole and closes during diastole.
The valve has left, right, and posterior cusps, the bases of which attach around the valve orifice to a fibro...
Article
Short tau inversion recovery
Short tau inversion recovery (STIR), also known as short TI inversion recovery, is a fat suppression technique with an inversion time TI = ln(2)·T1fat, where the signal of fat is zero. This equates to approximately 140 ms at 1.5 T.
To distinguish two tissue components with this technique, their...
Article
Babygram
Babygram is a radiograph that captures the newborn's entire body, including limbs. Alternatively, it may only capture the chest and abdomen.
Indications
Babygram is done in AP and lateral views in post-mortem studies of the stillborn foetus or after the termination of pregnancy due to gross co...
Article
LI-RADS
Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) is a set of standardized terminology and classification systems for imaging findings in liver lesions. The LI-RADS score for a liver lesion is an indication of its relative risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
The classification system is me...
Article
Spinal cord stimulator
Spinal cord stimulators, also known as dorsal column stimulators, are surgically placed devices intended to provide symptom relief in individuals with chronic neurological pain (e.g. failed back syndrome, brachial plexopathy, complex regional pain syndrome).
However, their use remains controver...
Article
Hysterosalpingogram
A hysterosalpingogram (HSG) is a fluoroscopic examination of the uterus and the fallopian tubes, most commonly used in the investigation of infertility or recurrent spontaneous abortions.
Indications
infertility: to assess uterine morphology and tubal patency
Contraindications
pregnancy
act...
Article
Flail mandible
A flail mandible is an uncommon type of comminuted fracture through the mandibular symphysis and bilateral condyle and/or rami which can result in posterior displacement and internal rotation of the mandibular bodies, eversion of the angles of the mandible, and glossoptosis. Together with concom...
Article
High division of the brachial artery
A high division of the brachial artery is an unusually proximal bifurcation of the brachial artery into its ulnar and radial branches in the upper arm.
It is an anatomical variant of the arterial branching pattern of the upper limb.
Description
In general, the brachial artery bifurcates into...
Article
Brachial artery
The brachial artery is the main supply of arterial blood to the arm, forearm, and hand.
Summary
origin: continuation of axillary artery distal to teres major
location: medial upper arm
supply: muscles of the arm, forearm, and hand
main branches: profunda brachii
terminal branches: radial ...
Article
Slip-ring (CT)
Slip-ring functions to allow the transfer of electrical information and power between a rotating device and external components. They are used in helical CT and MRI scanners among other applications; in this setting, they allow image acquisition without progressive twisting of cables as the scan...
Article
Avulsion fractures of the knee
Avulsion fractures of the knee are numerous due to the many ligaments and tendons inserting around this joint. They include 1:
anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture
posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture
avulsion of the medial collateral ligament
origin of MCL avulsion fracture...
Article
Normal upper limb imaging examples
This page lists examples of normal imaging of the upper limb, divided by region and modality.
Shoulder girdle
plain radiograph
sternoclavicular joint: example
clavicle: example, example 2, example 3
bilateral clavicle: example 1
acromioclavicular joint
example 1
example 2
shoulder
exam...
Article
Müller-Weiss syndrome
Müller-Weiss syndrome, also known as Brailsford disease 3, refers to spontaneous multifactorial adult onset osteonecrosis of the navicular. This syndrome is distinct from Köhler disease, the osteonecrosis of the tarsal navicular bone that occurs in children.
Epidemiology
It occurs in adults be...
Article
Segond fracture
Segond fracture is an avulsion fracture of the knee that involves the lateral aspect of the tibial plateau and is very frequently (~75% of cases) associated with disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). On the frontal knee radiograph, it may be referred to as the lateral capsular sign...
Article
Radial artery
The radial artery is a terminal branch of the brachial artery and arises at the cubital fossa of the forearm. It is one of the two main arteries of the forearm, along with the ulnar artery.
Summary
origin: terminal branch of the brachial artery
location: inferior aspect of the cubital fossa
...
Article
Radius
The radius (plural: radii) is one of the two long bones present in the forearm, located laterally in the supinated anatomical position. It has a smaller proximal end and enlarges to a larger distal end (opposite to the ulna).
Gross anatomy
Osteology
The proximal radius comprises the articula...
Article
Ulnar artery
The ulnar artery is a terminal branch of the brachial artery, arising at the proximal aspect of the forearm. Along with the radial artery, it is one of the main arteries of the forearm.
Summary
origin: terminal branch of the brachial artery
location: inferior aspect of the cubital fossa
sup...
Article
Steelpan sign (sigmoid volvulus)
The steelpan sign refers to the close resemblance of sigmoid volvulus on CT to the percussion instrument known as the steelpan. The steelpan, also known as steel drum or pan, is a Caribbean musical instrument invented in Trinidad and Tobago by the mid-1930s, which became very popular in Trinidad...
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