Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,858 results found
Article
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), also known as testicular feminization syndrome, results from end-organ resistance to androgens, particularly testosterone. AIS may be complete or incomplete with variable imaging findings.
Epidemiology
The incidence may vary depending on whether it is co...
Article
Cerebral paragonimiasis
Cerebral paragonimiasis is a serious manifestation of paragonimiasis, and refers to a parasitic brain infection caused by a the Paragonimus genus of trematodes (flukes).
Epidemiology
Paragonimiasis is endemic in Asia, West Africa, and Latin America. Infections can occur after ingesting underco...
Article
Congenital cerebral toxoplasmosis
Congenital cerebral toxoplasmosis is a manifestation of congenital toxoplasmosis and refers to development of cerebral toxoplasmosis in the fetus through maternal transmission.
Please refer to congenital toxoplasmosis for a broad discussion on epidemiology and pathology.
Radiographic features...
Article
Osteoid
Osteoid is a protein mixture secreted by osteoblasts that forms the organic matrix of bone. Bone is formed when osteoid mineralizes.
Osteoid is important in several disease processes:
failure of osteoid to mineralize leads to osteomalacia in adults and rickets in children.
focal accumulations...
Article
Urolithiasis
Urolithiasis refers to the presence of calculi anywhere along the course of the urinary tracts. For the purpose of the article, the terms urolithiasis, nephrolithiasis, and renal/kidney stones are used interchangeably, although some authors have slightly varying definitions of each.
See main a...
Article
Chest (lateral view)
The lateral chest view examines the lungs, bony thoracic cavity, mediastinum, and great vessels.
Indications
This orthogonal view to a frontal chest radiograph may be performed as an adjunct in cases where there is diagnostic uncertainty. The lateral chest view can be particularly useful in as...
Article
RANZCR key conditions assessment
The RANZCR key conditions assessment is an assessment mandated by the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR) for first year radiology trainees prior to starting after-hours work and on-call duties.
The assessment is conducted locally by the training site, where clinic...
Article
Baby bird’s beak sign
The baby bird's beak sign is an antenatal ultrasound appearance formed by the pulmonary artery abnormally arising from the left ventricle in fetuses with transposition of the great arteries.
In these cases, the pulmonary artery bifurcation and abnormal outflow tracts mimic the head of a baby bi...
Article
Transposition of the great arteries
Transposition of the great arteries (TGA), also known as transposition of the great vessels (TGV), is the most common cyanotic congenital cardiac anomaly presenting during the newborn period, with cyanosis in the first 24 hours of life.
It occurs as a result of ventriculoarterial discordance, w...
Article
Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcomas are malignant bone-forming tumors. They are the second most common primary bone tumor after multiple myeloma, accounting for ~20% of all primary bone tumors. In children, they are considered the most common primary bone tumor 12. They can be classified into primary and secondary fo...
Article
Sliding sign
The sliding sign is a dynamic sonographic sign performed during transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) of women with suspected pelvic endometriosis. The loss of the normal sliding sign indicates pouch of Douglas (POD) obliteration due to adhesions and is suggestive of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE...
Article
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (skeletal manifestations)
The skeleton is the most commonly involved organ system in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and is by far the most common location for single-lesion LCH, often referred to as eosinophilic granuloma (EG) (the terms are used interchangeably in this article). For a general discussion of this dis...
Article
Status post
Status post (S/P) is a term used in medicine to refer to a treatment (often a surgical procedure), diagnosis or just an event, that a patient has experienced previously, for example, "status post cholecystectomy", "S/P vaginal delivery", stroke, heart attack, etc.
History and etymology
'Status...
Article
Sinding-Larsen-Johansson disease
Sinding-Larsen-Johansson disease, also known as Sinding-Larsen disease or Larsen-Johansson syndrome, affects the proximal end of the patellar tendon as it inserts into the inferior pole of the patella. It represents a chronic traction injury of the immature osteotendinous junction. It is a close...
Article
Fecal calprotectin
Fecal calprotectin (FCAL) is a protein marker of gut inflammation. It is used as a diagnostic tool and marker of disease activity for Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis.
Biochemistry
Calprotectin is a protein complex from the S-100 family, which is formed of three polypeptide chains, two hea...
Article
Lobar consolidation
Lobar consolidation is the term used to describe consolidation in one of the lobes of the lung. It implies an alveolar spread of disease and is most commonly due to pneumonia.
Pathology
Consolidation refers to the alveolar airspaces being filled with fluid (exudate/transudate/blood), cells (in...
Article
Portal vein
The portal vein (PV) (sometimes referred to as the main or hepatic portal vein) is the main vessel in the portal venous system and drains blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver.
Terminology
A portal venous system connects two capillary beds, meaning one organ / organ sys...
Article
High riding jugular bulb
A high riding jugular bulb indicates the dome (roof) of the jugular bulb extends more superiorly in the petrous temporal bone than is conventional. The transverse level above which a jugular bulb is considered high riding has been variably defined as the following 1,6,8:
floor of the internal a...
Article
Transient intussusception
Transient or uncomplicated intussusception is known to occur in adults and children and can be considered physiological. Given the condition's transient nature, it is probably underdiagnosed. The main factors distinguishing transient from intussusceptions requiring surgical intervention are abse...
Article
Imperforate hymen
Imperforate hymen is a congenital condition in which the hymen lacks a normal opening.
Epidemiology
It happens in 0.1% of the female population, usually an isolated finding.
Clinical presentation
Primary amenorrhea with cyclic lower abdominal pain during menarche age. An imperforate hymen c...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.