Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,859 results found
Article
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a type of extra-axial intracranial hemorrhage and denotes the presence of blood within the subarachnoid space.
Epidemiology
Patients tend to be older middle age, typically less than 60 years old 2. Subarachnoid hemorrhage accounts for 3% of stroke and 5% of str...
Article
Babygram
Babygram is a radiograph that captures the newborn's entire body, including limbs.
Some authors refer to chest and abdominal radiograph of the baby as "thoracoabdominal babygram" 4.
Indications
Babygram is done in post-mortem studies of the stillborn foetus or after the termination of pregnan...
Article
Sturge-Weber syndrome
Sturge-Weber syndrome, also known as encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis or encephalofacial angiomatosis, is a phakomatosis characterized by facial port-wine birthmark (capillary malformation) and pial angiomas.
It is part of a wide spectrum of possible phenotypes included in the cerebrofacial ar...
Article
CSF otorrhea
CSF otorrhea is defined as leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space into the middle ear cavity or mastoid air cells and then out the ear via a perforation in the tympanic membrane or defect in the external ear.
Epidemiology
There are a number of underlying causes (see b...
Article
Osteochondral injury staging
Osteochondral injury staging system for MRI attempts to grade the stability and severity of osteochondral injury and is used to plan management.
Classification
stage I
injury limited to articular cartilage
MRI findings: subchondral edema
x-ray findings: none
stage II
cartilage injury with...
Article
Radiologically inserted gastrostomy (RIG)
A Radiologically inserted gastrostomy (RIG), or percutaneous radiological gastrostomy (RPG), is a procedure where a gastrostomy tube is inserted percutaneously into the stomach under fluoroscopic guidance, principally to provide nutritional support for patients with swallowing disorders 1. Gastr...
Article
Subarachnoid FLAIR hyperintensity
There are a wide range of causes for subarachnoid FLAIR hyperintensity, both pathological and artifactual.
Differential diagnosis
Pathological causes
subarachnoid hemorrhage
meningitis
leptomeningeal carcinomatosis
FLAIR vascular hyperintensities in acute stroke 1,4,8
moyamoya disease
m...
Article
Papillary fibroelastoma of the heart
Papillary fibroelastomas are rare benign primary cardiac tumors. However, of the primary cardiac tumors, they are one of the commonest to occur in relation to the cardiac valves (may account for 75% of valvular tumors 10).
Epidemiology
Its estimated prevalence ranges between <0.01 to 0.33% 5....
Article
Stochastic effects
Stochastic effects occur by chance and can be compared to deterministic effects which result in a direct effect. Cancer induction and radiation induced hereditary effects are the two main examples of stochastic effects.
Models
Cancer induction as a result of exposure to radiation is thought by...
Article
Stoma
A stoma (plural stomata) is defined as an artificially created connection between two hollow organs or a hollow organ and the skin. A surgical procedure that involves the creation of a stoma carries the suffix "-ostomy".
For a discussion of imaging features and potential complications, please r...
Article
Plantar fascia
The plantar fascia or plantar aponeurosis is a dense collection of collagen fibers on the sole (plantar surface) of the foot. These fibers are mostly longitudinal but also transverse.
Gross anatomy
Posteriorly it attaches to the medial process of the tuberosity of the calcaneus, proximal to fl...
Article
Spiculated periosteal reaction
Spiculated periosteal reaction represents spicules of new bone-forming along vascular channels and the fibrous bands that anchor tendons to bone (Sharpey fibers).
Pathology
A spiculated periosteal reaction signifies a rapid underlying process that prevents the formation of new bone under the r...
Article
Peritesticular lipoma
Peritesticular lipoma is considered the most common benign tumor of the paratesticular tissues and spermatic cord (can comprising around 45% of paratesticular masses).
Clinical presentation
Often manifests as an incidentally discovered nontender scrotal mass. Can affect patients over a wide ag...
Article
Errors in diagnostic radiology
Errors in diagnostic radiology occur for a variety of reasons related to human error, technical factors and system faults. It is important to recognize that various cognitive biases contribute to these errors.
Classification
Renfrew classification
This classification was proposed by Renfrew e...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (O)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter O and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R...
Article
Radionuclide cisternography
Radionuclide cisternography is a nuclear medicine imaging technique that uses intrathecal 111In-DTPA (diethyletriaminepentaacetic acid; pentetate) to visualize the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
There are a few indications 1:
localization of CSF leaks, such as in CSF rhinorrhea and CSF oto...
Article
Splenectomy
Splenectomy is the surgical removal of the spleen. This can be partial or total, however a partial splenectomy is rarely performed due to an increased risk of complications compared to a total splenectomy 1.
Indications
Indications for a splenectomy can be divided into absolute and relative 2....
Article
Immune thrombocytopenia
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), historically known as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a decrease in platelet numbers to <100 x 109/L. In most cases it is a primary condition, i.e. no underlying cause is found.
Terminology
Historically, immune thro...
Article
Gorham disease
Gorham disease, also known as Gorham-Stout disease or vanishing bone disease, is a poorly understood rare skeletal condition which manifests with massive progressive osteolysis along with a proliferation of thin walled vascular channels. The disease starts in one bone but may spread to involve a...
Article
Temporal encephalocele
Temporal encephaloceles are usually small encephaloceles, often asymptomatic, but increasingly recognized as potential causes of refractory epilepsy and as a sequela of idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
Epidemiology
Temporal encephaloceles can be congenital or secondary to trauma, idiopath...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.