Closed loop small bowel obstruction - internal hernia

Discussion:

The cluster of ischemic small bowel in the mid-lower abdomen is striking: hypo-enhancing, mesenteric edema, and fluid. That alone should raise the concern of ischemic small bowel, either due to embolic event or closed loop obstruction. The abnormal bowel has a C-shaped configuration with radial distribution of the vessels toward to the point of obstruction. 

At this point, you have to start running the proximal small bowel to figure it out: the proximal bowel appears normal, and transitions into a segment of faecalized small bowel, which abruptly tapers as it transitions into the abnormal bowel, the so-called "beak sign". Faecalization is a sign of slow transit and lower-grade obstruction and can be helpful to direct you toward the transition point. Immediately adjacent is a loop of normal caliber bowel leaving the collection, which can be best appreciated on the coronal reformats. This indicates that the bowel is obstructed at two points at the same location: as it enters and as it exits the hernia orifice. Thus, it is a closed loop obstruction due to an internal hernia. Multiple omental defects were seen at the time of surgery, which was felt to be the case of obstruction, confirming the imaging diagnosis. 

 

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