DSA (angiography)
Frontal Cephalic vein
Injection of the contrast media was done through the already placed dialysis cannula at the left cephalic vein in the distal arm.
A left brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is seen where there is anastomosis between the cephalic vein and the superficial division of a highly bifurcating brachial artery.
A small pseudoaneurysm with a narrow stalk is seen related to the mid-1/3 of the cephalic vein at the left arm.
Two focal significant stenoses extending for +/- 1.5 cm are seen involving the left cephalic vein along its course in the proximal 1/3 of the left arm.