DSA (angiography)
Frontal renal vein (venogram image 1)
Frontal left testicular vein (venogram image 2)
Frontal left testicular vein (venogram image 3)
Frontal left testicular vein (venogram image 4)
The catheter is placed in the proximal part of the testicular vein (route: iliac vein, IVC, left renal vein). After confirming the existence of varicocele, sclerosing agent and embolising coil(s) are used. Control study shows successful embolisation of testicular vein.
Venogram image 1: left renal venogram showing the left testicular vein
Venogram image 2: retrograde opacification of pampiniform plexus as a proof of insufficient valves resulting in varicocele. Series revealed existing collaterals of testicular vein.
Venogram image 3: series after administering embolising agent. Partial occlusion of testicular vein lumen visible.
Venogram image 4: series after administering additional embolising coil. No flow within testicular vein visible.