Severe COPD and pectus excavatum

Discussion:

Lung hyperinflation or hyperexpansion can be normal, especially in young patients who take a large breath in for an inspiratory chest radiograph or can reflect COPD. The latter is the cause in this case due to a history of heavy smoking and a clinical diagnosis. 

Pectus excavatum is a great mimicker of right middle lobe collapse or consolidation. The shift of the heart to the left and horizontally oriented ribs are good clues, and a lateral projection will confirm the diagnosis. 

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