Cruciate ligaments
Case 1: Complete ACL tear
Case 2: ACL mucinous degeneration with associated ganglion cyst
Case 3: Complete PCL tear
Note hyperextension injury pattern with posterior knee capsule tear and oedema.
Collateral ligaments
Case 4: Partial MCL tear
Also take time to appreciate the normal lateral ligamentous complex. LCL + biceps femoris conjoint tendon to top of fibula. ITB to gerdy's tubercle of tibia. Also appreciate axial appearances. Arcuate ligament. Popliteal tendon has its own groove, part of the posterolateral corner structures which are stabilizers of the knee.
Comparatively, MCL is more a band than LCL.
Case 5: partial tear MCL tear
partial tear of the proximal origin from direct impact.
Direct impact to the medial side of the knee with marrow contusions
Case 6: complete MCL rupture
proximal intact, distal completel torn.
complete MCL tears important because can have stenner like lesions where other tendons (pes anserine, sartorius, gracilis, semimembranosus/tendinosis) go in between the torn fibres and prevent complete healing of the tendon injury
Case 7: LCL rupture
distal attachment. complete tear.
Case 8: Hyperextension knee injury
LCL proximal partial tear.
but also arcuate ligament. bicept femoris tendon as well.
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