What are the two major/basic sonographic techniques used to exclude renovascular cause of hypertension for best practicing habit?
Proximal (direct/extra-renal) approach. Distal (indirect/intra-renal) approach.
What is the average, normal intra-renal arterial resistive index value in adults, with proper technique and correct angle of insonation?
0.50-0.75
What is the normal range of intra-renal resistive index in children below 4 years of age ?
>0.70 is still considered normal.
What is the gold standard imaging examination to exclude renal artery stenosis?
Digital substraction angiography.
Peak systolic End diastolic
Prox. Aorta 161 cm/s 33.0 cm/s
Right main renal artery 112 cm/s 38.6 cm/s
Left main renal artery 91.3 cm/s 35.9 cm/s
The renal/ aorta ratio (RAR) is within normal limits bilaterally; Right RAR = 0.70 while the Left RAR = 0.57. NB: each is <3.5 (normal).