Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Snapping biceps femoris tendon
Snapping biceps femoris tendon or snapping biceps femoris syndrome is an infrequent pathology where the distal biceps tendon dislocates over the fibular head and relocates painfully.
Epidemiology
Snapping biceps femoris tendon is considered an uncommon entity 1-4.
Associations
It has been as...
Article
Standardized uptake value (SUV)
The standardized uptake value (SUV) applies to PET imaging of tumors and typically uses the radioligand F18-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). The concentration of F18 activity reflects glucose metabolism which is increased in tumor cells and inflammation.
SUV is also known as the dose uptake r...
Article
HRCT chest - expiration (protocol)
Expiratory high-resolution CT (HRCT) imaging corresponds to an additional CT acquisition performed as part of the HRCT chest protocol. It represents a scan performed with the patient on supine and images obtained at the end-expiration.
It is a useful method for detecting small airways obstruct...
Article
Single phase CT angiographic collateral scores in acute stroke
There are several described single-phase CT angiography collateral scores for evaluating the status of collateral vessels in acute ischemic stroke. These scores have been shown to be reliable predictors of clinical outcomes and eligibility for endovascular clot retrieval 1.
Tan et al.
Based on...
Article
Intramuscular myxoma
Intramuscular myxomas are a rare benign type of soft tissue myxoma that is mesenchymal in origin.
Epidemiology
The incidence is reported to be 1 in 1,000,000 and most frequently diagnosed in females (~57%) between 40-70 years 1.
Associations
fibrous dysplasia as part of Mazabraud syndrome
...
Article
Suture anchor
Suture anchors or bone anchors are surgical implants used for the attachment of soft tissues to bone e.g. ruptured tendons and ligaments. Suture anchors are usually composed of the anchor, a suture and the interface between anchor and suture called 'eyelet'. They come in different types or confi...
Article
Incudomalleolar joint
The incudomalleolar joint, also known as the incudomallear joint, is the joint between the incus and the malleus. The joint is part of the chain of ossicles sending vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window.
Related pathology
dislocations of the joint result in conductive hearin...
Article
Vertebral body mass
The differential diagnosis for a vertebral body mass is broad and may range from a completely benign bone island to a malignant primary bone tumor.
Classification
Broadly, these lesions can be separated into:
non-neoplastic lesions
primary bone tumors
secondary metastatic disease
Non-neopl...
Article
Skull landmarks
Skull landmarks of anatomic importance exist, located where there is a palpable bony protuberance or where sutures join:
nasion
glabella
bregma
vertex
lambda
inion
pterion
asterion
basion
opisthion
obelion
They are surgical landmarks and craniometric points, used for radiological or ...
Article
MR vessel wall imaging
MR vessel wall imaging (VW-MRI) refers to MRI techniques used to evaluate for disease within the walls of arteries, beyond the luminal abnormalities depicted on angiographic imaging. This can be used anywhere in the body but is particularly important intracranially in distinguishing between vari...
Article
Right iliac fossa mass (differential)
Right iliac fossa mass is a common clinical presentation and has a range of differentials that need to be excluded. Radiology plays an important role in this differentiation.
Differential diagnosis
appendicular mass
appendicular abscess
appendicular mucocele
appendicular neoplasms
ileoceca...
Article
Superior vesical artery
The superior vesical artery is a branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery. It supplies part of the bladder, ureter, seminal vesicle and ductus deferens.
Summary
origin: anterior division of internal iliac artery
location: pelvis
supply: superior bladder, ureter, ductus de...
Article
Vertex
The vertex is the midline bony landmark at the most superior part of the calvaria in the standard anatomical position, near the midpoint of the sagittal suture (i.e. between the bregma and lambda).
It is one of the skull landmarks, craniometric points for radiological or anthropological skull m...
Article
Gastrointestinal MRI contrast agents
Gastrointestinal MRI contrast agents may be helpful in certain clinical scenarios in distinguishing bowel from intra-abdominal masses and normal organs. The contrast agents can be divided into positive agents (appearing bright on MRI) or negative agents (appearing dark on MRI).
Positive contras...
Article
Brunner gland adenoma
Brunner gland adenomas are hyperplastic areas of the Brunner glands within the duodenum that are greater than 1 cm. They tend to be 1-2 cm in diameter, although case reports have described tumors of up to 12 cm diameter. Where the diameter of focal hyperplasia is less than 1 cm, the term Brunner...
Article
AO/OTA classification of proximal femoral fractures
The AO/OTA classification is one of the most frequently used systems for classifying proximal femoral fractures or proximal femoral end segment fractures. Like other fractures, they are divided into three groups subject to the severity and complexity of the respective injury 1:
type A: trochant...
Article
Glabella
The glabella is the smooth midline bony prominence between the supraciliary arches of the frontal bone, representing the most anterior part of the forehead when standing erect and looking straight ahead. The metopic suture traverses the glabella, between the two frontal bones. Just below it is t...
Article
Chronic otomastoiditis with ossicular erosions
Chronic otomastoiditis with ossicular erosions, also known as non-cholesteatomatous ossicular erosions or post-inflammatory ossicular erosions, is defined by the erosive changes involving the middle ear ossicles in the absence of cholesteatoma in a patient with a history of chronic otomastoiditi...
Article
Protein S deficiency
Protein S deficiency is a hypercoagulable state associated with increased risk of venous thrombosis (up to 5% of patients with deep venous thrombosis may carry this deficiency).
Epidemiology
Protein S deficiency may be expected in ≈1 of every 500 people 3.
Clinical presentation
The spectrum ...
Article
Tabar 5-tier grading system
The Tabar 5-tier grading system is used to classify mammographic lesions. This should not be confused with the Tabar classification of parenchymal patterns in breast imaging. It is a separate but translatable system to the BI-RADS classification system (please note that Tabar grade 3 ≠ BI-RADS 3...